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Carnivore Contact: A Species Fracture Zone Delineated Amongst Genetically Structured North American Marten Populations (Martes americana and Martes caurina)
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Contributor (ctb): Hausleitner, Doris
Contributor (ctb): Lucid, Michael
Contributor (ctb): Cushman, Sam
Contributor (ctb): Kortello, Andrea
Contributor (ctb): Mowat, Garth
Contributor (ctb): Ehlers, Shannon
Contributor (ctb): Gillespie, Sara
Contributor (ctb): Svancara, Leona K.
Contributor (ctb): Sullivan, Jack
Contributor (ctb): Rankin, Andrew
Contributor (ctb): Paetkau, David
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Abstract |
Abstract
North American martens are forest dependent, influenced by human activity, and climate
vulnerable. They have long been managed and harvested throughout their range as
the American marten (Martes americana). Recent work has expanded evidence for the
original description of two species in North America — M. americana and the Pacific
Coast marten, M. caurina — but the geographic boundary between these groups
has not been described in detail. From 2010 to 2016 we deployed 734 multi-taxa
winter bait stations across a 53,474 km2 study area spanning seven mountain ranges
within the anticipated contact zone along the border of Canada and the United States.
We collected marten hair samples and developed genotypes for 15 polymorphic
microsatellite loci for 235 individuals, and 493 base-pair sequences of the mtDNA
gene COI for 175 of those individuals. Both nuclear and mitochondrial genetic structure
identified a sharp break across the Clark Fork Valley, United States with M. americana
and M. caurina occurring north and south of the break, respectively.We estimated global
effective population size (Ne) for each mountain range, clinal genetic neighborhood sizes
(NS), calculated observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, fixation index (FST /,
and clinal measures of allelic richness (Ar), Ho, and inbreeding coefficient (FIS). Despite
substantial genetic structure, we detected hybridization along the fracture zone with
both contemporary (nuclear DNA) and historic (mtDNA) gene flow. Marten populations
in our study area are highly structured and the break across the fracture zone being
the largest documented in North America (FST range 0.21–0.34, mean = 0.27). With
the exception of the Coeur d’Alene Mountains, marten were well distributed across
higher elevation portions of our sampling area. Clinal NS values were variable suggesting
substantial heterogeneity in marten density and movement. For both M. americana and
M. caurina, elevationaly dependent gene flow and high genetic population structure
suggest that connectivity corridors will be important to ensuring long-term population
persistence. Our study is an example of how a combination of global and clinal molecular
data analyses can provide important information for natural resource management. |
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4.81 MB PDF
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PUBLISHED
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DOI |
DOI
10.3389/fgene.2020.00735
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Keywords |
Keywords
effective population size
gene flow
genetic structure
Martes americana
Martes caurina
spatial genetic distance
taxonomy
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sc_4881.pdf4.81 MB
910-Thumbnail Image.png48.78 KB
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English
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Name |
Carnivore Contact
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application/pdf
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5038728
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