SNe. Castlegar News March 13, 1985

OTTAWA (CP) — At least three separate groups of Armenian terrorists, pledging revenge for atrocities that occurred more than 70 years ago, have claimed respon- sibility for dozens of shootings and bombings around the world in the last 12 years.

The Armenian Revolutionary Army, which stormed the Turkish Embassy in Ottawa early Tuesday, is one of the groups that has only come to prominence since 1983.

But two other violent terrorist groups, ‘the Beirut-based Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia and the Justice Commandos of the Armenian Geneocide, have also claimed responsibility for dozens of bloody attacks.

‘The groups say they want revenge for mass killings in Armenia at the turn of the century and recognition of Armenian claims to lands that were taken by the Turks. The historic Armenian homeland straddles the modern borders of Turkey, Iran and the Soviet Union.

Authorities.cite a sy ic plan of extermi: begun in 1894 by Ottoman Sultan Abd al'Hamid II, that killed thousands ef Armenians over two decades.

Then, in 1915, Armenians were accused of in, Russian invaders during the First World War and thousands more were executed.

Various authorities have cited the number of victims at anywhere from 300,000 to 1.5 million Armenians.

Tuesday's attack is the third in Ottawa since 1982 against Turkish dipl Cc ii Kani Gungor was shot and gravely wounded in April 1982, in August of that same year Col. Atilla Altikat, the embassy’s military attache, was murdered by a gunman who ambushed him in his car.

Responsibility for Gungor's wounding was later claimed by the Armendian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia.

Armenian terrorism

The Armenian Revolutionary Army, which identified itself as the group responsible for Tuesday’s attack on the embassy in Ottawa, is believed responsible for the deaths of at least 10 people in attacks on Turkish nationals in Europe since 1983.

Their goriest incident was a bombing at Lisbon in July 1983, in which five terrorists and two others were killed. A caller to a news agency said the raiders had chosen death over surrender.

In Brussels earlier that same month, the Armenian Revolutionary Army claimed responsibility for killing a Turkish diplomat, who was shot to death just outside his home in a fashionable district of the Belgium capital.

BOMB BLAST

In June 1984, one Turkish diplomat was killed and five people were wounded in a car bomb blast in Vienna. The Armenian Revolutionary Army claimed responsibil- ity.

And last November, gunmen murdered a Turkish diplomat as he slowed his car at a stoplight in Vienna. At that time — the last known attack by the Armenian Revolutionary Army before the embassy incident Tuesday in Ottawa — the group pledged to continue its attacks “against its oppressors. ‘

Attacks by the various Armenian groups have been going on since 1973, when an Armenian immigrant shot two Turkish consular officials in California.

By 1975, organized terrorist cells were in operation, mostly in Europe. Most of the attacks have been against diplomats, but a Turkish airline office in Rome was attacked in 1980 resulting in the death of one person and the wounding of seven others.

And later in 1980 two screaming, bomb-throwing gunmen attacked Ankara’s Esenboga Airport, killing nine people and wounding 70 others.

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OTTAWA (CP) — Three men charged with first-degree murder in Tuesday's hostage-taking at the Turkish Embassy that left a security guard dead and the ambassador wounded made a brief appearance in a heavily guarded courtroom today and were remanded in custody for one week.

A date for their preliminary hearing is expected to be

murder charges

The federal government said it will review security for all embassies in Ottawa after gunmen armed with shotguns, revolvers and explosives stormed the embassy early Tuesday, killing the Pinkerton Canada Ltd. guard and lowing open the front door of the Tudor-style building.

Claude Brunell, 31, the lone guard on duty, lay dead set when they return to provineial court next Wednesday. beside a security hut in the front yard of the embassy

Ottawa police identified those charged late Tuesday as compound throughout the four-hour seige before his body Kevork Arachelian, 35, of Lasalle, Que., Ohannes Noubarian, could be recovered safely.

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B.C. politicians search for centre

By DAPHNE BRAHMAN ‘

VANCOUVER (CP) — The Search for the Centre is not the title of a sci-fi movie or the slogan for a self-awareness group.

It's the preoccupation of British Columbia politicians.

The Liberals, the Progressive Conservatives and two new parties — the United Party under Graham Lea and a group that has already split with it — say they all seek the political middle ground.

They see themselves as the alternative to the confrontation between the socialist New Democratic Party and the governing Social Credit Party, which has cut government spending and heightened tensions between labor and business.

Lea, the only member of the legislature not affiliated with the 34 Socreds or the 22 New Democrats, Tory president Bill Smith, Liberal leader Art Lee and Charles Savedoffs unnamed party say they would end the confrontation and get on with recovering from the recession. They say British Columbians want a sensible, pragmatic party of the middle.

They are not alone.

NDP Leader Bob Skelly is repackaging his party's policies to make them more appealing to groups like small business and is even stressing to Socreds the areas of agreement between the two.

SEEKS CO-OPERATION

And Premier Bill Bennett went on television two weeks ago to tell voters that the province's economic renewal must be based on co-operation.

So who is everyone courting?

Political scientist Donald Blake, along with two other University of British Columbia professors, has surveyed the voting patterns and attitudes of voters. He says that while the NDP and Social Credit Party appear to differ widely in terms of philosophy it is the moderate voter who elects the government.

“It's because the Social Credit and NDP have images of being fairly extrme that people in the middle have to engage in a certain amount of strategic thinking,” Blake said in an interview.

“If they tended towards the left, and they indulged themselves in voting for a centre party — whether a revived Liberal Party or the new United Party or United Party Two (Savedoff's group) — they run the risk of giving the election over to the Social Credit.”

On the other side, said Blake, people who believe the NDP government from 1972 to 1975 was a disaster vote Socred even though those voters are not particularly right wing.

ART LEE ... Seeks middle ground

Blake said the middle ground is difficult turf for a new party to grow in unless it is so popular its success at the polls is virtually assured.

Blake said the philosophical differences between the two major parties have been exaggerated. Each has at times supported policies of the other and the Socreds took a long time to dismantle some of the NDP’s innovations because they were popular.

Using data collected during the 1979 provincial and federal elections, Blake said, “Those who vote NDP and those who vote Social Credit are nearly identical . . . but what you have in each party is a division between the working-class supporters and the middle-class support- ers.

In the last two provincial elections — 1979 and 1983 — little more than two percentage points divided the

BOB SKELLY ... repackaging policies

Socreds and NDP in popular support but Social Credit had comfortable majorities.

Blake found the working-class support for the Socreds comes more often from employees in resource industries while middle-class support for the NDP comes mainly from public sector workers and proféssionals working in health, education and social work.

LINK CLEAR “There is a clearer link between class and occupation in British Columbia and party support than there is anywhere else in Canada. No matter how you slice it, the Social Credit gets approximately a third of the blue-collar, working-class vote and the NDP gets approximately a third of the upper-middle-class votes. “In terms of income, approximately one-third in the

BILL BENNETT . . . touts co-operation

bottom fifth voted Social Credit and approximately one-third of the highest 20 per cent voted NDP.”

Small i however, overwhelmi favor Social Credit eventhough, Blake said, their incomes may be less than some of the higher paid blue-collar workers.

Although he agreed with leaders of the fringe parties that the majority of voters are not as disparate in their views as the two major parties are, Blake said a new coalition of the centre is unlikely to be successful.

He said the coalitions presided over by former premier W.A.C. Bennett and his son, Bill Bennett, were successful because they depended on existing party organizations to get started. W.A.C..Rennett piggy-back ed his new party on the Alberta Socred infrastructure, while Bill Bennett bolstered his father’s party by recruiting Liberals and Conservatives.

50 and 11,400 over 65 had assets of more than $5 million. 4

HANDFUL OF U.S. RICH OWN $2.4 TRILLION

WASHINGTON (AP) — About 28 per cent of personal wealth in the United States is held by 2.8 per cent of the adult population — a concentration of money that declined only slightly between 1976 and 1982, when the number of millionaires more than doubled.

New statistics compiled by the Internal Revenue Service estimate the richest in the country have a net worth — assets minus debts — of more than $2.4 trillion. ‘The number of wealthy women is increasing much faster than the number of rich men; the typical rich woman has more than her male counterpart, and real estate is the favorite asset of the rich, followed closely by corporate stock.

The study found about 4.4 million people, referred to as “top wealthholders,” had assets of more than $300,000 in 1982, and more than one-third of them lived in California, Texas, Florida and New York. The number with holdings exceeding $500,000 was slightly under two million.

“The top wealthholder in 1982 was apt to be a male under 50 years of age worth between $250,000 and $500,000,” the IRS said in a report based on estate-tax returns filed in 1983.

“More than one-half of his wealth was held as real estate and corporate stock, with real estate surpassing corporate stock as the most prominent asset in the top wealthholder's portfoli

Real estate accounted for 31.5 per cent of the holdings of rich men in 1982 and 30.6 per cent of women's portfolios. Men were more likely to hold corporate stock than women; women were partial to cash and bonds. While life insurance accounted for 1.2 per cent of men’s estates, it represented only 0.5 per cent of women's.

The report found the number of women holding between $300,000 and $500,000 increased by 200 per cent from 1976 to 1982 (compared with a 96-per-cent increase for men) and the number of women worth more than $500,000 climbed by 123 per cent. But because the number of moderately rich women increased so sharply during the period, the service said, the average net worth of wealthy women dropped to $605,900, while the average for rich men increased to $519,600.

All told, 39.3 per cent of top wealthholders in 1982 were women, up from 34.7 per cent the year before and 32.8 per cent in 1976

The service found little significance in the slight decline since 1976 in the share of the country’s wealth held by the relative handful of rich people. That downward trend has been running since 1922, the report said. And while the number of millionaires increased to 410,000 in 1982 from 180,000 in 1976, much of that change was a result of inflation. It took $1 million in 1982 to buy what could be had for only $639,700 in 1976.

‘The report estimated 10,100 people under the age of

JOHNSON SHOUTED AT PEARSON

Summits: a lively history

WASHINGTON (CP) — John Kennedy ridiculed John Diefenbaker's tortured French; Lyndon Johnson engaged in a one-sided shouting match with Lester Pearson, and Ronald Reagan and Pierre Trudeau clashed over how best to cool East-West tensions.

While relations between U.S. presidents and Canadian prime ministers in the 118 years since Confederation have hardly turned the world on its ear, they have not been void of import, drama, humor and conflict.

Trudeau probably attracted more international interest than any Canadian leader. His tendency to provoke such leaders as Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with advice that “We should be busting our asses for peace” made headlines, if not fast friendships at the top.

However, his antics as the bachelor prime minister, followed by his marriage to flower child Margaret Sinclair and the union's eventual disintegration stirred at least as

Johnson cornered Pearson... and shouted accusingly: ‘You pissed on my rug.

much ¢uriosity, especially in the United States, as Trudeau's efforts to promote world peace and closer ties between the world’s rich and poor countries.

Indeed, the view from Washington after Trudeau announced his retirement last year was that Canada would become a more comfortable neighbor, but duller.

HIGH HOPES

President Reagan's third encounter Sunday and Monday with Brian Mulroney, the second since Mulroney became prime minister, is designed to highlight the hoped-for comfort.

If that means duller, so be it, say American and Canadian officials who describe the Reagan-Mulroney era as an opportunity to put bilateral relations on a more even keel.

Mulroney whipped into Washington for a quick meeting and lunch with the president just three weeks after the Sept. 4 Canadian general election, and officials from both sides pronounced that the “chemistry” was right between the two men

Reagan's trip to Quebee City, the site of the first meeting in Canada between a president and prime minister 49 years ago, marks the president's first foreign jaunt of his second four-year term and the first time he has met Mulroney on Canadian soil

Since Confederation, the parade of prime ministers to the U.S. capital has outpaced by far the parade of presidents north of the border.

For example, Trudeau made seven trips to Washington during his 16-year tenure, compared with three return visits from U.S. presidents. These included one from Richard Nixon in 1972 and two from Reagan in 1981 — the second to attend the economic summit meeting of the seven leaders of the major industrial countries.

RONALD REAGAN clashed with Trudeau

The Trudeau-Reagan relationship, occurring against the backdrop of Canada’s contentious National Energy Program and Trudeau's tendancy to lecture Reagan from up close and afar on peace issues, was civil for the most part

However, mutual contempt might best define relations between Diefenbaker and Kennedy

Kennedy lost points with the sensitive prime minister when after hearing Diefenbaker's stumbling French during a 1961 visit to Ottawa, he said jokingly that he was encouraged to try to speak the language himself.

Adding insult to injury, Kennedy later made light of Diefenbaker’s fishing prowess, an unforgiveable slight to someone who fancied himself among the best of sport fishermen.

The more serious tensions in the relationship, however, resulted from U.S. ion over D s wavering on whether Canada would accept nuclear warheads for its weapons systems. The fallout over the issue led Diefenbaker to lay much of the blame for his 1963 election defeat at the door of the Kennedy White House

CITED BOMBING

One of the nastiest encounters between a president and prime minister occurred after Pearson condemned the heavy U.S. bombing of North Vietnam during a speech at Temple University in Philadelphia on April 2, 1965. The bombing

IAN MULRONE ‘duller’ relations

campaign, dubbed Operation Rolling Thunder, was ordered by Johnson who claimed it would force the North-Viet namese to the bargaining table.

Johnson, outraged that a foreign leader would criticize his policies on his home turf, summoned Pearson to the presidential retreat at Camp David, Md. Once alone, the president cornered Pearson on the veranda and shouted aceusingly: “You pissed on my rug.”

Quebec City promises to be subdued by comparison, as was the first meeting there in July 1936 between Mackenzie King and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, whose affection for Canada dated back to his childhood days on the New Brunswick island of Campobello.

The meeting demonstrated the fast-growing bond of friendship between Roosevelt and King. But more importantly, at least as far as the president's advisers were concerned, it provided a wonderful injection of favorable publicity in a U.S. election year.

Not surprisingly, U.S. presidents since then have viewed trips to Canada as good public relations in advance of U.S. elections. Johnson, for one, used a quick visit to Canada in 1964 for Columbia River Treaty ceremonies to bolster his image beside Republican rival Barry Goldwater. Nixon chose 1972, again an election year, for his lone foray to Ottawa