SCIENCE

| as Casthagar News september, 1967

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meeting.

scientific finds, the

say to one another.

palates in humans.

Jonathi

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Originally established to bring together the latest association has supplanted by professional journals over the years. But it remains an annual source of delight and fascination, and its proceedings fill whole pages of

been partly

in. August.

mi a> ental Bhi sass Sc rent ists meet in Bel fast LONDON (AP) — All the latest weird and wonderful breakthroughs in the world of science and near-science ate coming to light this week in Belfast, Northern

Ireland, where the 156-year-old British Association for the Advancement of Science is holding its annual

jokes because their social awkwardness inhibits them from discussing more serious things, DISCUSSES HUMOR

“Women simply don't seem to require jokes in the same way men do,” he told the 2,600 delegates in an auditorium at Queen's University, Belfast,

Sir David Bates, professor emeritus of theoretical physics at Queen's U in Belfast, d the

of Roche Products pharmaceutical company, reported on new AIDS matey, Syms the ultimate goal ws genetic ‘engineering to cut the virus out of individual cells. ‘St would mean that we manipulate at will the human genetic pool, produce super races, modify enthnic traits, excise socially unacceptable habits — in fact, produce people to order.” list Bill Carter of the University of

absence of messages from outer space by saying civiliza- tions that are technologically ahead of Earth are too

Among the theories at this year’s meeting: e Men tell jokes because théy often have little else to

Extraterrestrials are too busy to contact Earth. e Crocodiles contain clues to what causes cleft

By the next century, toothbrushes will be obsolete, huge tides will threaten to engulf Britain and new telephones will thwart obscene callers.

Humor was one of the more serious topics this year. Miller, a qualified physician and pro- fessional comedian, explained his theory that men tell

to waste their efforts sending messages. Biologist Mark Ferg’ of U predicted toothbrushes would be obsolete by the next century, thanks to anti-deeay vaccines and

Ulster warned that the warming of the Earth would raise sea levels by more than three metres in the next 120 years and flood much of Britain.

On a happier note, communications engineer Michael Miller predicted a telephone for the 1990s that would

containing genetically engineered bacteria.

He even imagined tinkering with dental cells to enable adults to grow new teeth whenever the old ones wore out.

Ferguson also reported he was experimenting on crocodile eggs to discover the cause of cleft palate, explaining that the palates of crocodiles and humans have some similar characteristics.

Dr. Michael Hall, head of the chemotherapy division

record an caller's number, making it easier to catch obscene callers. ,

And zoologist Michael Crawford came up with an intriguing theory about what separates humans from apes.

“It’s all in the diet,” he told the gathering. Humans got smarter when they moved from the savannah to the shores and started eating fish. It was the polyun- saturated fats found in cod, mackerel, freshwater salmon, crabs and shellfish that made the difference, he said.

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SEATTLE (AP) — Scien- tists reported the first direct evidence Tuesday that a nat- urally occurring substance in the body could be effective in treating sickle-cell anemia.

The researchers said in- jections of a protein known as erythropoietin, or EPO, dramatically stimulated pro- duction of fetal hemoglobin,

£ or F-cellé, in baboons’ blood. Past studies have shown high F-cell levels can inhibit the distortion, or sickling, or red blood.cells seen in sickle- cell.anemia, an inherited dis- ease that occurs almost ex- clusively among blacks. ‘The findings are to be re- ported in today's New Eng. land Journal of Medicine. Dr. George Stamatoyan-

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ulos, prof of med. icine at the University of Washington and an author of the paper, said it’s known a number of substances used in chemotherapy for cancer can stimilate F-cell production.

“Although much further ‘experimentation is necessary to extend our findings to humans, the advantage of EPO appears to be that be- cause it occurs naturally in the body, it is less likely to cause harmful or toxid side- effects,” he said.

In sickle-cel] anemia, which affects one in every 500 blacks, red blood cells as- sume sickle-like shapes. The

DIABETES CLUE

Women may have clue

EDMONTON (CP) — Diabetes afflitts more than one million Canadians, and researcher Dr. Edmond Ryan hopes a small group of women can give him some clues about how people get the disease.

ryan is looking for a potential cause of Type II diabetes, by far the most common form of the disease. Complications often associated with Type II diabetes include bjindness, stroke, heart disease and kidney damage, he said.

He hopes that a kind of short-lived diabetes that strikes pregnant women — called gestational diabetes — will provide clues about how people get Type II.

The gestational condition affects about three per cent of women during the latter months of pregnancy, he said. After childbirth, it goes away.

However, within 15 years, up to 60 per cent of those women will develop Type II diabetes, said Ryan, a graduate of the University of Dublin who came to Edmonton after a stint at the University of Miami.

“Gestational diabetes is a precursor of Type II diabetes,” he said. “It is a good model for the more common type of diabetes.”

People who develop diabetes later in life are often over- weight. “Pregnancy puts a strain on the system similar to being obese in later life.”

Women who are obese to start with or put on more weight than normal tend to develop gestational diabetes, he said.

- Unlike diabetic women who become pregnant and must control their blood sugar carefully to avoid the risk of birth

defects in their-baby, those with “gestational diabetes do not. carry i risk of congenital abnormalities.” .

_Women who develop gestational diabetes don't produce enough insulin and their bodies tend to be resistant to it, said the bearded researcher. He is looking for a defect in cells which might cause this condition, and which may play a role in the development of Type II diabetes.

SPARK HORMONES?

Since it is likely that hormones activated during pregnancy lead to gestational diabetes, Ryan, 35, has experimented with fat cell cultures using a combination of hormones to develop a laboratory model of the condition.

Once the abnormality is identified, he can compare cells of gestational diabetes patients during pregnancy and after delivery when blood-sugar levels return to normal.

If, as he suspects, Ryan finds the cells of patients after delivery still contain an abnormality, it could explain why more than half of them develop diabetes later in life.

His work is part of a broad attack on diabetes being carried out by researchers in several Canadian centres. Although insulin, which controls the disease, was discovered in the 1920s, researchers want to find a treatment that frees patients from daily injections.

Other in are i ways to transplant insulin-producing cells into diabetics, Calgary team is looking for a viral cause of the disease. Toronto, researchers are trying to develop a way of tiny.spheres with insulin-producing cells that could them placed in the body.

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fragile cells are subject to we et ons face stroke pain and jaundice.

BOSTON (AP) Men whose mothers died of

the

hairl!

including a possible genetic role.

greater risk of strokes if they

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of strokes appeared to have no increased risk.

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Ministry by September 30, 1987.

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As with other research, the study found high blood pressure is clearly linked to strokes. However, it found other so-called risk factors that have not been reported by earlier research efforts,

strokes face three times the usual risk of dying of the same condition, a new study concludes.

The research, conducted in Sweden, confirms earlier work suggesting men have a

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Strokes are a major cause of death in the western world. In the United States, they are blamed for an esti- mated 155,000 fatalities annually.

The latest study was con- ducted by Dr. Lennart Welin and colleagues at Ostra Hos pital in Gothenburg and pub- lished in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The research was based on 789 men who enrolled in the study when they were 54 years old. Doctors followed their health for 19 years and 57 of the men suffered strokes.

When the study began in 1967, 99 of the men’s mothers and 59 of their fathers had died of strokes. Nearly 20 per cent of the men whose mothers had died of strokes suffered strokes, compared with less than seven peg cent of the other men.

Those whose fathers died

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The researchers found those who suffered strokes had slightly larger waist lines. The waists of the vic- tims averaged 36 inches, compared with 36 inches for those who avoided strokes.

Those who developed strokes also had higher levels of a substance called fibri- nogen that contributes to blood clots.

The researchers said most other studies have not no- ticed the apparent role of in heritance.

“The chief problem with a risk factor such as an adverse family history is that it is un- treatable,” they wrote. “On the other hand, it could be used to identify those at higher risk of stroke, who might then be more easily motivated to stop ‘smoking, reduce body weights and have their hypertension treated.”

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