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FUND

A total of $2,583 was raised for heart research Sunday during the second annual B.C. Heart Fund “curla-thon” held at the Castlegar Curling Club.

Emco Engineering was the highest pledged team. Members included Dave McIntosh, Val McIntosh, Bob McPherson and Lisa Antignani,

The highest pledged in- dividual award was won by Warren Quiding.

The highest aggregate rink was the “M.A.S.H.” hospital foursome of Lesley Johanson, Liz Darn- brough, Jeanne“Lamb and Fred Horeoff.

Close behind were the “Red Hot” firemen, made up of team members War- ren Quiding, Kathy Quid- ing, Gary Howe and Dawn Howe.

Eleven rinks participat- ed in the event and Fred King of Fruitvale piped the curlers into the club.

Val- MeIntosh won a return flight to Vancouver, courtesy of Air BC.

FUND RAISER . . . ‘Lone Ranger’ (top, who looks a lot like Ald. Nick Oglow) gets set to send rock in the house during: second annual curl-a-thon Sun- day. Curlers raised more than $2,500 for B.C. Heart

Fund. Dancers also got into the act (bottom) as \ Tammy Sookorukoff led 55 residents in aerobics- thon Saturday morning. Dancers have raised $978 to date and expect to go over $1,000 mark.

CosNews Photo

‘Rollies’ higher in tar

OTTAWA (CP) — Smokers who roll their own cigarettes get abnormally high concentrations of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide, tests done for the federal government show.

Six popular brands of fine-cut tobacco were rolled into filter tubes and tested on smoking machines by Labstat Inc. of Kitchener, Ont. All six had average tar yields of 20 milligrams per cigarette or more, average nicotine yields of 1.3 milligrams or more and average carbon monoxide yields of at least 20 milligrams.

Neil Collishaw of the Health Department's bureau of tobacco control said roll-your-own cigarettes tend to contain more tobacco than manufactured cigarettes. That's because the tobacco in ready-made cigarettes is puffed with air so less tobacco is needed for each cigarette.

As well, manufactured cigarettes are often made with special papers and ventilated filters that tend to reduce tar, nieotine and carbon monoxide yields.

Tar is the generic term for a variety of harmful substances in tobacco smoke. Nicotine is a poison that affects the central seated ie Carbon monoxide is a byproduct of combustion thf interferes with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.

ORDERS TESTS

Every year, the Health Department asks Labstat to test manufactured cigarettes and fine-cut tobacco.

Makers of fine-cut tobacco don’t list tar and nicotine yields on their packages, so the laboratory does its own tests as well as tests for carbon monoxide.

Here are the latest results for tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide respectively in milligrams per cigar ette. Actual results can vary greatly depending on the way people roll their own cigarettes and whether they use filter tubes.

Player's Light, 20, 1.3, 21

Craven A Special Mild, 20, 1.4, 23

Export, 20, 1.4, 22

Player's, 20, 1.4, 21

Belvedere Light, 20, 1.4, 20

Export Light, 21, 1.3, 21

wt SERRE

Packages of ready-made cigarettes list tar and nicotine yields, so the laboratory does tests for carbon monoxide only. The letters KS mean king-size and the letters FT filter tip.

RESULTS VARY

The actual amount of carbon monoxide per cigarette will vary greatly from smoker to smoker depending on the number of puffs per cigarette and the volume of smoke inhaled. The same is true of tar and nicotine.

Nominal carbon monoxide yields in milligrams per cigarette are:

Viscount No. 1 Ultra Mild KSFT, 1

Craven A Ultra Light KSFT, 2

Macdonald Select Ultra Mild KSFT, 2

Medallion Ultra Mild KSFT 2

Viscount Extra Mild KSFT, 4

Craven A Special Mild KSFT, 4

Macdonald Select Special Mild KSFT, 4

Matinee Extra Mild KSFT, 5

Matinee Extra Mild Regular FT, 4

Viscount Extra Mild 100s FT, 4

Viscount Extra Mild Regular FT,

Gitanes Light FT, 9

Matinee Regular FT, 11

Benson and Hedges 100s Deluxe Ultra Lght FT, 10

Export A Extra Light Regular FT, 9

Craven A Regular FT, 10

du Maurier Light Regular FT, 9

Export A Extra Light KSFT, 8

Player's Extra Light Regular FT, 8

Vantage KSFT, 13

Craven A Special Mild 100s FT, 7

Gitanes Regular FT, 12

Belvedere Extra Mild Regular °T, 11

Export A Light Regular FT, 12

Gauloises Regular FT, 13 ——

C ven Menthol KSFT, 11

L..port A Mild Regular FT, 12

Export A Mild KSFT, 14

Matinee KSFT, 13

du Maurier Special Mild KSFT, 12

THE FINAL WORD ON TIPPING

By HELEN BRANSWELL

You've got your waiters and head waiters, Cab drivers and hairdressers. Your bellhops, bartenders and wine stewards. And you are supposed to tip them all.

It's enough to drive a person crazy.

The problem isn't the monéy, it's the uncertainty. Whom do you tip, and how much?

Surely Miss Manners, one of North America’s foremost etiquette experts, can unravel the mysteries of this most bizarre of social traditions.

Since 1978, Judith Martin has written the clever,

ightly tongue-in-cheek but always socially correct advice column Miss Manners, now appearing thrice-week- ly in more than 250 newspapers in the United States and Canada. She's also the author of several books on the subject, including Miss ’ Guide to E: ting! Correct Behavior. The questions about tipping unleash an unexpected tirade. :

“I think the whole silly process should be discarded,” Martin says with vehemence. “I think it’s a dreadful and very un-American, un-New World, un-Canadian idea.

some of your salary was at the diseretion of someone who

may or may not feel kindly or generous,” she says in a

telephone interview from her home in Washington, D.C. ADDS TO PRICE

Martin, 48, believes North American businesses

should build the service element into their prices and

increase the wages of employees who. now supplement their income with tips.

“It's a rotten practice. You wouldn't care for it if *

“The customer pays the same amount,” she explains,

“It’s just the customer is not put in this awkward pesition

tron of the employee, without knowing

‘exactly what's expected . . . and the employee can count on being renumerated for doing a proper job.”

But just because Martin doesn't like the practice of tipping doesn't mean she ignores it.

“I do tip when expected,” she insists. “What I find unacceptable is people who are opposed to tipping and ‘who therefore do not tip, because what they're doing is cheating people of their expected wages. I think that is ‘wrong.

“You can’t fight it individually in that way.”

So, whom do you tip and how much do you give them?

While there are no absolute rules, Martin offers some guidelines.

Waiters and waitresses should get the standard 15 per cent at both lunch and dinner — though in very posh eateries 20 per cent might be appropriate.

Martin distikes the practice of leaving individual tips for the maitre d’, the waiter and the wine steward.

“I do not think that a restaurant patron should be required to get involved in the personnel policy of a restaurant,” she says.

“I think you leave one tip for them all and let them decide how it should be divided.” .

The idea of slipping the head waiter a little something extra to get a well located table — or just to get in — clearly offends her genteel soul.

“I should be treated well because I'm a paying customer,” not because of a bribe, she says with an audible shudder. a

But what if the service is poor, the food cold or the waiter rude?

“Complain about it,” she advises. “You go to the head waiter or the owner and you say that the service was not satisfactory.”

While this should be reserved for really bad service, it should eliminate the dilemma about whether to leave a tip.,Martin says that in such cases the restaurant shouldn't charge the customer.

SOUTH AFRICA:

A look at the ANC

Editor's note: The African National Congress has been exiled from~South Africa for a quarter-century. @overnmentin-waiting, or merely.a rag-tag band false pretenders?, This story, part of a series on South Africa, looks at the role of the ANC in South Africa’s turbulent political scene.

By PETER BUCKLEY Canadian Press

“One of the great mistakes outsiders make is to imagine that ‘P.W.’ (President P.W. Botha of South Africa) could just wake up one day and give Nelson Mandela the keys of the castle and everything would be fine. In fact, it would make Rhodesia look like a picnic.”

The speaker is Fleur De Villiers, an elegantly poised newspaper editor from an old South African family and a self-described liberal now on leave at a research institute in

South African border patrols, keep ahead of ever-present police spies and still manage an attack. that makes an impact. Not surprisingly, dozenssare captured or killed every’year and few attacks dent the complacency of white society for long. FACES BARRIER

— While given warm support in public by most African leaders, ANC members and directors have effectively been shunted out of the front-line states bordering South Africa because of the cost of South Africa's military retaliations. At their headquarters in the city of Lusaka, Zambia, Tambo and associates must keep their whereabouts secret for fear of South African commandos.

— Whille the ANC colors are flown at almost every black rally worth the name in South Africa, there are many who doubt the ANC’s influence over the radical young

‘The ANC... is attracting more attention than at any time in its history’

London. She was trying to put the exiled African National Congress into perspective.

“The ANC deserves a place at the table,” in any negotiations with the South African government about the future of that country, “but certainly not alone,” De Villiers said.

‘Trying to put the ANC into perspective is a challenge.

Government-in-waiting or rag-tag band of false PI ders? Dedi d and last, best hope of the majority of the:South African people, or Communist lackeys bent on terrorism and dictatorship?

ATTRACTS ATTENTION

The ANC, 75 years old this year and in exile from South Africa for a quarter-century, is attracting more attention than at any time in its history. Experts report ANC funding at record levels and hundreds of black youths are leaving South Africa for guerrilla training at ANC camps in Angola and Tanzania.

In the black townships of South Africa, the ANC is at an apparent peak in its appeal. Legalizing the ANC and freeing jailed leaders like Mandela have become basic demands for almost everyone seeking progress in South Africa — not just black militants, but moderates and many conservatives.

In the foreign ministries of the world, the congress has become aceustomed to receiving wide respect. Its emissaries are embraced and supplied with arms by the Communist world, actively assisted by some western governments and received cordially even by conservative administrations.

The South African government, whose declared enemies become others’ friends almost automatically, helps the ANC cause by portraying the exiled organization as the source of virtually all its troubles.

ADDS TO POWER

Painting the ANC constantly as a pawn of Moscow and of the tiny South African Communist party, the government also to give credibility to in the eyes of its black subjects.

So the African National Congress is on top of the world? Not quite.

Consider:

- ANC leaders, after decades in exile or jail, are plotting to take over a country many of them would no longer recognize. ANC president Oliver Tambo, 69, fled the country more than 26 years ago when 60 per cent of today's population hadn't even been born; his former law-office colleague, Nelson Mandela, 68, has been in prison since 1962.

—. The ANC’s military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), is riddled with informers and its fighters seem indifferently trained. For their sporadic sorties into South Africa, the guerrillas must travel hundreds of kilometres from foreign training vases, creo

” and other rising community leaders — not to mention those numerous black politicians who have remained in South Africa, battling for black rights and taking the heat from white repression, building their own constituencies and ambitions.

Two recent developments seem significant.

A poll of urban blacks found that while one-third would accept Mandela's leadership on the spot, many others would want him to prove himself first. Mandela's charismatic wife, Winnie, was recently pelted with pebbles by Cape Town blacks when she stood by a school friend accused of murder.

MISSES CHANCES

The history of relations between the congress and the white government is a chronicle of missed opportunities.

Founded at Bloemfontein as the South African Natives’ National Congress in 1912 — a year before the Afrikaners’ own National party — it has been ignored or repressed by every South African government, no matter what route it took: advice, publicity, pleas, conciliation, non-violent resistance.

After 68 unarmed blacks were massacred by police at Sharpeville in 1960, when some plotted violence, the ANC was banned.

Mandela, son of a chief of the Tembu tribe and the ANC's most eloquent spokesman, was one of dozens given sentences of up to life imprisonment.

Twenty-five years later, he’s still a figure to be reckoned with.

He was a “commanding presence” to a group of Commonwelath dignitaries who visited him last year at Cape Town's Pollsmoor prison. Their report said: “In his manner, he exuded authority and received the respect of all around him, including his jailers.”

AVOIDS TALKS

No South African government politician has ever exchanged a word with Mandela, that anyone knows about, and P.W. Botha — who has been proud to sign a treaty with a Marxist neighbor and to be filmed shaking the hands of dozens of more compliant black politicians — is unlikely to be the first to see the imprisoned leader.

The ANC must foreswear violence before there can be any talk of concessions or negotiations, Botha says. The ANC ‘replies that it has tried everything else and violence has become a last resort in the fact of the state's long history of violent repression.

The congress’s current troubles were underlined with glee by the South African government when it recently gave reporters what it said was Tambo’s secret report to the ANC leadership last fall. The South Africans banned publication of the report for their own people, except for a few phrases about violence.

The full Tambo report bemoaned that the ANC has “not come anywhere near the objectives we set for ourselves” in guerrilla activities, that the underground structures of the ANC within South Africa “are still too weak,” that there have been “serious reverses” in some front-line states and that the ANC is “forever obliged to respond to other people's ideas and plans.”