By JOAN RAMSAY OTTAWA (CP) — Murder charges against a doctor There are two basic types of euthanasia: passive, in which a patient is allowed to die either by withholding or 8 in the death of a ly in August brought the to terms with the issue. But the medical, legal on mercy killings. subject, Based on statistics Canada are allowed to die infant fact of h home to Canadians, and experts say the country must soon come and ethics experts can’t agree on who should take the first step toward changing the law on euthanasia and clarifying the position of medical persénnel, or how far those changes should go. No one knows how common the practice is in Canada. Because it is illegal, it is impossible to get precise figures However, it is estimated it happens at least once a day, says Prof. Eike Kluge, who teaches ethics at the University of Victoria and is co-writing a book on the from the United States and England, about 800 radically defective newborns in each year, through fatal injec- tions or withholding of treatment or food, Kluge adds. and active, such as a. lethal’ injection. of pain-killing drugs or withh Of life-saving treatment when the case is not necessarily terminal. Active euthanasia has been a rumor for some tine, but it hit the spotlight in August, when a severely deformed 16-hour-old infant in Edmonton was given a lethal dose of morphine on a doctor's orders. . Nachum Gal, a doctor who pow lives in Israel, was Sa with murder in October'and extradition is being sought. f Although he is the first doctor:to be charged for. mercy killing in Canadian legal history, Gal says infant . euthansia. is an accepted practice in this country, especially allowing deformed babies to starve to death. He offers no evidence. ie The case, Gal's and similar by other doctors have. opened a controversy that cannot easily be ignored. ==> Guat aryl © Resea ig life-support systems when the case! is) 4 e {n ‘medical’ technology al DERN damn oe. anasia i if , if And y Nowli “patients 'to be kept alive indéfinitely, doctors and families aro increasingly faced with such life and death decisions: 2, The biggest problems appeat tobe deciding who, if, anyone, has the right to make such decisions and defining mercy in, the’ grey area between withdrawing Feepbart eae ms from a brain-d providing a injection to'a patient'who is i ill and ‘suffering, | * Finaela iss hike Read ‘The Law Reform Commission of Canada,.in a r in October on euthanasia, aiding suicide and ceasa roe life, ‘said allowing Patients to refuse medical treatment or doctors to, discontinue “therapeutically: useless” Heat- 7 ,ment, should no ‘longer be an offence. :; ye But, it said’ mercy: kdlling:and ‘aiding suicide should continue to be treated as crimes. Euthanasia would be *: open to abuse and appeared to be “niorally Unacceptable” to Canadians, the commission said, adding that devel ing palliative care ‘and, improved pain-control methods ‘would’ be @ better’ answer. ‘The Canadian Medical ‘Association also ‘Supports th that is merely p' I's ~ active euthanasia, beyond the legal definition of murder. Dr, Author Parsons, chairman of the CMA ethics - ‘committee, explains: “We just don't like looking at that lead patient ‘and “| issue — it’s basically murder.” Both Parsons and Dr. J.H.O'Hanley say they have never’ heard any first-hand reports of mercy killings but they admit it occurs and action must be taken. O'Hanley — who expects the medical society “would only deplore such’a thing as active euthanasia” — adds that while-there may never be a resolution to the problem, the medical’ community “has to make some. attempt... “We are technological giants and ethical infants,” he says. ‘ But they both emphasize the CMA can, only make recommendations to the law reform commission and the federal Justice Department.’ Castlegar Location We will match our competitors’ prices! | a 365-7025 With years. of ‘Professional Experience XMAS. ° Assorted Crystals © Fruit Leather - © Sugarless rchers to study MS VANCOUVER (CP) — Re- searchers probing the secrets of multiple sclerosis are con- ducting a survey aimed at chronic progressive form in which. a patient gradually loses control of his body and winds up in a, wheelchair for the p of the disease in British Col- umbia. It is expected to show the disease is widespread. The study, slated for com- pletion next summer, also will attempt to determine whether some racial groups are more susceptible to the disease. Vincent Sweeney, an asso- « ciate professor of neurology, said research has already es- tablished that MS, a disease that attacks the fatty sheath of nerves in the body’s cen- tral nervous. system, is re- lated in some mysterious way to latitude. ~ The farther away from the equator populations are — in both directions — the greater the incidence of MS. Some researchers have speculated the disease is caused by a virus that does not do well in tropical latitudes. In the Univeristy of B.C. survey, MS cases will be div-. ided into definites, probables and possibles. This is because MS is a disease that can take differ- ent forms, ranging from the Fitness life, to a- form in which relatively mild “at- tacks” of the sondition are followed by long periods without any symptoms. . Some: patients experience only one mild attack in their entire lives, and are never’ aware that they have MS. “Japan has a very low pre- valence of MS, despite its location,” said Sweeney. “With the different races we have in B.C. it might be pos- sible to tell whether there is genetic predisposition to the disease or protection from it.” Sweeney stressed that in- formation provided by pati- ents who have MS, or even think they may have it, will be kept confidential. - “We have, at the moment, | finished collecting all’ the cases from the MS societies and now we're asking the public to come forward,” he - said. so Part of the problem in col- lecting data on MS patients, Sweeney said, is patient con- fidentiality. Researchers can- ‘ not ask doctors in the prov- ince to provide lists of pati- ents suffering from MS. craze extends to the business crowd VANCOUVER (CP) — It used to be that nothing had the potential to destroy a good diet and fitness regimen like a business trip. Dinners in - restaurants; lunches and drinks with bus- iness associates; hectic days, grabbing taxis instead of walking. But now, many major hot- els in large cities have at least one. or more low- calorie entree on the diner menu, and there are jogging ‘maps in the rooms and ex- ercise bikes and weights in gymnasiums. Some . hotels have even built squash and racquetball courts and have fitness ‘in- structors to lead hotel pat- rons in hour-long aerobic workouts, Three years ago the West- in Bayshore converted one of its banquet rooms toa health club, complete with sauna, weight room and masseuse. It has developed outdoor fit- ness clusters where a differ- ent exercise is performed at stations along a run and has hired a fitness expert to teach aerobic classes at the hotel. The people now using the facilities are usually ‘cor- - . porate executives, said Mon- ica Hayes, public relations director for the Bayshore. “It has been the trend of the traveller: for the last three or four years,” Hayes - said. ‘It is not a fad that is going to pass of fluctuate. It will stay stable, or if any- thing, increase in numbers,” Mary Moyle, sales man- ager at tle Denman Inn, says that two years ago when the Inn was building its new con- ference centre, management added racquetball and squash courts plus a fitness centre. Although the club is avail- able to city residents who buy a membership, all hotel guests can use the courts, gymnasium, indoor swim. ming pool, sauna and daily aerobics classes. 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