State of the Basin 2019 Snapshot Report A region-wide check-up on life in the Columbia Basin-Boundary Region Photo: Louis Brockner Welcome VIR EN T EC Recreation ET RE CI TU L Heritage Y Arts Culture Business Climate & Sectors Housing Infrastructure Workforce O EN Water NM MY Land & Food O Biodiversity CU USING RESEARCH TO IMPROVE REGIONAL WELL-BEING Air & Climate NO The State of the Basin Initiative monitors and reports on indicators of social, economic, cultural and environmental well-being in the Columbia Basin-Boundary region. The Columbia Basin Rural Development Institute (RDI) compiles the Snapshot report to provide an overview of current State of the Basin research. All State of the Basin reports and resources are available on the State of the Basin webpage1. SO Civic Engagement & Safety Demographics Education & Learning Health & Wellness Every day, Columbia Basin-Boundary residents and organizations make decisions that influence the future of our region. Basing decisions on contemporary research and statistical trends helps to ensure preparedness and success within a changing economy, society and environment. The primary goal of the State of the Basin Initiative is to provide access to useful data that our communities can take advantage of, with the ultimate goal of improving well-being in the region. Four objectives support this goal: • Inform citizens and organizations about the people, natural environment, communities, and economy of the region by providing access to accurate, credible, and timely information; • Encourage understanding of complex issues and trends over time, including future projections when possible; • Signal whether conditions are similar or different within the region, and in comparison to other areas to highlight and celebrate areas of achievement, and to identify significant issues, ideally before they become critical; and • Motivate discussion, information sharing, strategic evidence-based decisions, and collective action. INDICATORS & DATA SOURCES State of the Basin research draws on available data from a variety of sources including federal, provincial, and local governments, crown corporations and nonprofit initiatives. The RDI collects this data from open access sources and through custom requests. While quantitative State of the Basin indicators help establish foundational knowledge of regional well-being, they only tell part of the story. Qualitative information, including the RDI’s subjective well-being research, can further contribute to understanding the well-being of our communities and region. THE COLUMBIA BASIN-BOUNDARY The Columbia Basin-Boundary region encompasses more than 8.6 million hectares of land in southeastern British Columbia. It includes the Regional Districts of Kootenay Boundary, Central Kootenay, and East Kootenay, as well as a portion of the Columbia Shuswap Regional District and the Village of Valemount. Three Development Regions also intersect the borders of the region. Basin-Boundary communities are home to approximately 173,000 people.2 2 St a t e of the Bas in Sna ps h o t Re po rt 201 9 Demographics Population projections for our region show a percent increase of Demographic data provides insight on the population structures that compose our societies. Shifts in demographic proportions have important consequences for communities, as different population groups have varied needs and capabilities related to housing, education, employment, and social services. 5.04% + COLUMBIA BASIN-BOUNDARY POPULATION from 2018 to 2041. BC's increase is +26.97%.3 172,960 people live in the Columbia Basin Boundary Region, which is 3.46% of British Columbia's (BC's) total population.2 Invermere 20.6% Radium Hot Springs 20.1% Kimberly 19.4% Fernie 18.7% Revelstoke 11.5% British Columbia 10.9% RDEK Electoral Areas 10.2% Nelson 9.0% Rossland 8.1% Cranbrook 7.9% Nakusp 7.8% Castlegar 7.7% Columbia Basin-Boundary 7.7% RDKB Electoral Areas 7.5% Grand Forks 7.3% Creston 6.1% Sparwood 5.6% Valemount 5.5% Trail 4.9% Golden 4.4% RDCK Electoral Areas 4.3% Silverton 3.1% Salmo 3.1% Warfield 1.9% Slocan 1.0% Elkford 0.2% Midway 0% New Denver -0.8% Montrose -1.4% Kaslo -1.9% Fruitvale -3.0% Greenwood -3.4% Canal Flats -4.4% -5% Percent changes in Columbia Basin-Boundary populations by 20413 Youth (0-19): -3.55% (BC = +15.81%) Working Age (20-64): (BC = +15.50%) -6.09% Senior (65+): +40.19% (BC = +76.32%) Life Expectancy, 20175 Males: 78.5 years (BC = 80.3) Females: 83.4 years (BC = 84.3) 44 Total net migrants into the Kootenay Development region in 2017/18 was +1,325 people. 6 is the average age of Columbia Basin-Boundary residents4 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Marital status for people aged 15 years and older show that 62% of people in our region are married or living common law.4 25% Percentage Change in Population for Columbia Basin-Boundary Communities, 2011 to 2018.2 3.6% of our population belongs to a visible minority group, which is well below the provincial average of 30.3%.4 People with South Asian, Filipino and Chinese ethnicities make up the greatest proportion of the visible minority population in the Columbia Basin-Boundary region.4 www.c brdi .c a 3 Economy & Workforce The state of the economy is a topic of interest in discussions regarding well-being. Economic success can impact the level of civic prosperity and is dependent on a skilled and engaged workforce. LIVING WAGES IN THE COLUMBIA WHAT IS A LIVING WAGE? BASIN-BOUNDARY, 20199 A living wage is the hourly amount a family needs to cover basic expenses such as food, clothing, rental housing, childcare, transportation and small savings to cover illness or emergencies. Living wages in BC decreased in 2019 due to the provincial government’s investments into childcare.9 Cranbrook $14.38/hr Columbia Valley $15.92/hr Nelson $18.46/hr Greater Trail $18.83/hr Revelstoke $18.90/hr Minimum wage $13.85/hr On average, 15% of Columbia BasinBoundary residents, or 16,830 families, were considered low income in 2016. The average of median aftertax income for these families ranged between $26,624 per year for families with no children to $47,320 for families with three or more children.10 JOB AVAILABILITY VS HOURLY WAGE (KOOTENAY ECONOMIC REGION, 2018) 7 NUMBER OF JOB OPENINGS 0 200 400 600 800 Natural and Applied Sciences Management Manufacturing and Utilities Health Trades, Transport and Equipment Operators Jobs in the Retail and Wholesale Education, Law, Social, Community and Government industries employ the greatest Business, Finance and Administration number of people, closely followed Natural Resources, Agriculture by Health Care and Social Assistance Art, Culture, Recreation and Sport in both our region and the province.12 Sales and Services JOB OPENINGS WAGE $13 $16 $19 $22 $25 $28 $31 $34 $37 $40 AVERAGE OFFERED HOURLY WAGE AVERAGE OFFERED HOURLY WAGE, 20188 Kootenay Region: $20.75 • British Columbia: $20.51 • Canada: $20.95 The total number of businesses in our region in 2018 was 38,080. This was the first year since 2011 to see a decline in the total number of businesses across the Columbia Basin-Boundary region.12 There were 729 business starts in our region in 2018.13 Kootenay Boundary Electoral Area A saw the greatest increase in the number of businesses from 2007 to 2018 and Nakusp saw the greatest decrease.12 Unemployment rate (2018): Kootenay Economic region 5.3% • BC 4.7% • Canada 5.8%.11 The average median annual household income in the Columbia Basin-Boundary in 2016 was $66,480, which was less than the provincial average of $69,995.4 New building permits with a value of more than $397 million were issued in the Columbia Basin-Boundary region in 2018.14 Only 9 out of 26 communities in the region (Golden, Nelson, Canal Flats, Sparwood, Rossland, Fernie, Grand Forks, Salmo and Trail) have surpassed the level of spending on building prior to the 2008 recession. Building activity in the region has not yet fully recovered since the recession, but spending has been increasing annually. 4 St a t e of the Bas in Sna ps h o t Re po rt 201 9 There were 2,248 job vacancies in our region in 2018, with a 3.4% vacancy rate in the Kootenay Economic Region compared to 4.6% in the province.7 Infrastructure Housing, transportation, water distribution and waste disposal are essential structural systems which dictate many aspects of well-being within our communities. Well-functioning infrastructure is needed to support a healthy economy, population, and natural environment. 146 drinking water advisories came into effect in 2018. Including the 100 existing notices from previous years, the total number of notices in 2018 reached 246.18 The most common reason for an advisory was due to “unacceptable water quality results (microbiological)”, followed by “untreated drinking water at risk of containing pathogens” and “excessive turbidity compromising treatment and water quality”.18 PRIMARY METHOD OF TRAVEL AND COMMUTING TIME TO WORK OR SCHOOL BY COLUMBIA BASIN-BOUNDARY RESIDENTS, 20164 Method of Travel Central Kootenay East Kootenay Kootenay Boundary ColumbiaShuswap Fraser-Fort George British Columbia Vehicle (as a driver) 77.6% 79.1% 83.0% 79.5% 84.4% 70.5% Vehicle (as a passenger) 6.3% 6.3% 4.5% 6.0% 6.3% 5.5% Public transit 1.3% 3.2% 1.3% 1.1% 2.5% 13.1% Walked 10.7% 7.3% 8.2% 6.8% 4.7% 6.8% Bicycle 2.2% 2.2% 1.5% 4.2% 0.9% 2.5% Other method of transport 1.9% 1.9% 1.6% 2.5% 1.2% 1.7% Duration of Travel Less than 15 minutes 46.9% 55.2% 46.9% 55.7% 44.3% 28.8% 15 to 29 minutes 28.1% 21.5% 33.0% 23.6% 41.7% 32.9% 30 to 44 minutes 14.3% 12.1% 8.0% 9.8% 8.1% 20.3% 45 to 59 minutes 5.1% 4.1% 2.6% 3.5% 2.0% 8.8% 60 minutes and over 5.7% 7.2% 4.3% 7.4% 4.0% 9.1% Rental vacancy rates in 2018 were 1.3% for Cranbrook and 0% for Nelson, both well below the recommended balanced rate of 3%.20 The 2018 median property value for single family residences in our region was $304,100.19 In 2017 and 2018, a total of 38 major transportation projects took place in the Columbia Basin-Boundary region. These projects cost more than $224 million.16 2017 PER CAPITA WASTE DISPOSAL RATE 17 506 kg/person 555 kg/person 571 kg/person 585 kg/person 610 kg/person 796 kg/person British Columbia Central Kootenay Kootenay Boundary East Kootenay Columbia Shuswap Fraser Fort-George Total local government spending on solid waste management, recycling, transportation, water services and sewer services equated 26% of total expenditure in 2017.15 www.c brdi .c a 5 Environment Sustaining a healthy environment is essential to support the well-being of all life within our region. Natural systems provide the foundation for all built systems and structures within our societies and economies, and influence the level of achievable growth and prosperity within them. The unique and diverse landscapes of the Columbia Basin-Boundary provide habitat for a multitude of species, land to grow food, harvestable resources and clean air and water for everyone. Southern Mountain caribou populations in our region remain in serious jeopardy, with decreases expected for all local herds.22 The charts below show the estimation year and the estimated population. 2018 3 South Selkirks 2016 4 South Columbia 2018 4 South Purcells 2016 1 Monashee 2018 31 Central Selkirks 2011 11 Frisby-Boulder 2017 147 North Columbia 2008 3 Central Rockies Total population: 204 More than $8 million was spent by the province in 2017/18 on caribou recovery initiatives.23 ECOSYSTEMS AND SPECIES AT RISK There are 131 red listed species (meaning they are extirpated, endangered, or threatened) in the region, including 38 animals, 90 plants, and 3 fungi. Our region is also home to 28 threatened ecosystems.21 SNOWPACK 77 bears were destroyed in 2018 due to habituation and wildlife attractants, down from 94 in 2017. Garbage is continually associated with the largest number of human-bear conflicts in our region, followed by livestock and fruit trees/berries.31 PERCENT OF NORMAL SNOWPACK (2017-2019) Snowpack in our region in 2018 was within or above the normal range in the winter, and more than twice the normal range in some locations in the early spring. In the Kootenay Boundary region, these high rates of early-spring snowfall (up to 238% of normal in May of 2018) largely contributed to the catastrophic floods in Grand Forks. Snowpack in 2019 was below the normal range in most locations throughout the winter and spring. The Kootenay Boundary region overall had the highest percent of normal snowpack in the region in 2018, and the lowest in 2019.24 INVASIVE SPECIES Invasive species are a significant indicator of environmental health; monitoring and controlling the spread of invasive populations in the Columbia Basin-Boundary region is important to ensure the threat to our natural ecosystems and economies remains as negligible as possible. Native freshwater mussels vs. invasive mussels Invasive Mussels 133 species of invasive plants have been confirmed throughout the Columbia Basin-Boundary region as of 2018.32 In 2018, there were 38,000 watercraft inspected for zebra and quagga mussels in BC – of these watercraft, 1,700 were considered high risk of mussel contamination, 238 were quarantined and 25 were confirmed to have the invasive zebra and quagga mussels, two of which were destined for the Kootenay region. These preventative efforts continue to prove successful as the invasive mussels have not yet been discovered in our water systems.33 6 St a t e of the Bas in Sna ps h o t Re po rt 201 9 Native Mussels 4 Image: https://bcinvasives.ca/documents/2019-03-27_IMDP_webinar_FNL.pdf Environment PERCENTAGE OF DAYS DRIER THAN NORMAL DROUGHT Drought is a recurrent feature of climate involving a deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time, resulting in a water shortage. In 2018, 63% of days on average (Jun-Nov) were drier than normal in our region.25 Total BC Fires (2018): 2,117 Hectares burned: 1,354,284 Total cost: $615 million Person caused: 535 (25.3%) Lightning caused: 1,489 (70.3%) FIRES 2018 was the most severe fire season in British Columbia on record.26 Fires in the Columbia Basin-Boundary region were smaller but more numerous in 2018 compared to 2017.27 151 fires burned 72,856 hectares of forest within our region in 2018, compared to 85 fires that burned 104,165 hectares in 2017.27 Due to forest fire activity, air quality across the province decreased dramatically in 2018 compared to previous years. Daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Castlegar rose to dangerous levels 28 up to 420 µg/m3, far above the 24-hour standard of 28 µg/m3.29 Peak concentrations of fine particulate matter in Castlegar were more than twice as much as Golden or Valemount in August of 2018.28 The forestry sector is an important economic driver in our region. More than 17,994 hectares of forest were logged in 2017 in the Columbia BasinBoundary region.30 www.c brdi .c a 7 The Provincial Government forecasts most school districts in the Columbia Basin-Boundary to have increases in student enrollment over the next decade.37 Education & Learning Education is a key determinant of social capacity, as it provides people with the knowledge and skills required to participate in society, contribute to communities and promote personal health and well-being. The accumulated knowledge within our communities will help determine the future of the Columbia Basin-Boundary region. StrongStart BC is a play-based early learning service offered at no cost to families across the province. In our region, there are 35 StrongStart program locations for families with young children.35 In 2017/18, StrongStart BC attendance was 29,534 in our region, and serviced 1,937 children.36 27.5% AVERAGE HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES, 2018 37 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 81% • BC AVERAGE: 81% 90% 89% 76% 84% 87% 75% 69% SD10 SD51 SD8 SD5 SD20 SD19 SD6 of K-12 students in our region felt that they were satisfied with what they were learning in school in 2017/18.37 Students with special needs constitute 12% of the student body throughout school districts in our region.37 PERCENTAGE OF STUDENT BODY WHO IDENTIFY AS INDIGENOUS, BY SCHOOL DISTRICT 37 • Southeast Kootenay (SD5) 18% • Revelstoke (SD19) 13% • Kootenay Columbia (SD20) 15% • Arrow Lakes (SD10) 20% • Kootenay Lake (SD8) 21% • Boundary (SD51) 30% • Rocky Mountain (SD6) 20% DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDENT HEADCOUNT FOR PUBLIC COLLEGES55, 56, 57 Institution 2008/09 20017/18 Percent Change 2008/9 to 2017/18 Domestic Students 19,090 18,940 -0.79% International Students 940 1,715 82.45% Domestic Students 12,015 9,565 -20.39% International Students 290 1,345 363.79% Domestic Students 12,025 9,925 -17.46% International Students 160 590 268.75% Okanagan College Selkirk College College of the Rockies Student headcount across all school districts in our region in 2018 was 20,691, and is projected to increase by 2,127 students (10.3%) by 2028. There are 184 childcare facilities in the Columbia BasinBoundary. 34 – As of May 2019 8 St a t e of the Basin Sna ps h o t Re po rt 201 9 All BC public post-secondary institutions Domestic Students 162,245 127,090 -21.67% International Students 5,445 21,485 294.58% Overall student enrollment has been decreasing at all public post-secondary institutions in our region. At all institutions, domestic student enrollment has decreased over time while international student enrollment has increased rapidly. Community & Society A sense of belonging and connection to community are fundamental aspects of social well-being. The vitality of a community is associated with the overall health and well-being of its residents and the level of citizen engagement. A healthy community is safe, connected and contains all necessary resources to achieve and maintain mental and physical well-being. ! ( Golden ! ( Revelstoke There are 16 food banks in our region.58 ! ( Invermere ! ( Nakusp PUBLIC SAFETY Crime rates (including violent crimes) in our region were at their lowest in 2014 since 1998. Crime severity fluctuates annually in our region, but has decreased 37% from 1998 to 2017. We continue to be well below the provincial average on the crime severity index.38 ! ( Kaslo ! ( Slocan ! ( Nelson Grand Forks ! ( ( Sparwood ! ( Kimberley ! ! ( ! ( Fernie Cranbrook ! ( Castlegar ! ( Salmo ! ( Trail ! ( Creston AVERAGE VOTER TURNOUT The average voter turnout for local government elections in the Columbia Basin-Boundary region was 50.7%, which is considerably higher than the provincial average of 43.5%. 39 There are approximately 35 weekly Farmer’s Markets in our region, some of which run year-round.42-46 Choosing food that is locally grown supports local community members and farmers, local economies, and food security. 18.7% of Columbia BasinBoundary tax filers made donations to registered charities in 2017.40 Average annual donations were $1,180.40 A baby’s weight at birth is an indicator of maternal and newborn health and nutrition. From January 1st, 2017 to March 31st, 2018, low birth weight babies accounted for 4.8% of live births in our region. 41 www.c brdi .c a 9 Arts, Heritage, Culture & Recreation Arts and culture are complex and powerful means to express individuality, creativity, and the unique ways in which we choose to live. Cultural well-being can be recognized as the emotional and spiritual prosperity sustained by the freedom to retain, interpret, and express art, history, heritage, and tradition. Abundant recreational and outdoor opportunities in the Columbia Basin-Boundary region foster our regional and cultural identities, and aid in the sustenance of emotional, spiritual and physical well-being. 41.3% of Columbia Basin-Boundary residents actively use their library cards. In 2017, the average person in the Columbia Basin-Boundary visited a library 8 times, borrowed 9 items, attended 1 program and was supported with $35 from local government toward their local library.48 Municipal and Regional District government spending on parks, recreation and culture in 2017 equated 16.2% of total expenditure, slightly higher than the provincial average of 16.0%.15, 47 Arts, Cultural and Music Festivals bring people together for days of fun and connection. There are more than 180 annual festivals or special events which take place in the Columbia BasinBoundary region.53,54 Art, music, theatre, recreation, environment, food and culture are just some of the things Columbia Basin-Boundary residents get together to celebrate. Most people who vacation in our region are from other Canadian provinces.49 Visiting national, provincial or nature parks ranked the top activity in our region for international travelers, while domestic travelers preferred hiking/ backpacking or going to the beach.49 Our region hosts about 11% of total tourism seen throughout all BC regions.49 Visitation to provincial parks in our region was more than 1.6 million in 2017. Percent change in visitation between 2016/17 and 2017/18 fluctuated drastically between parks, with the lowest percent change of -45% for Summit Lake Park and the highest percent change of +48% for Johnstone Creek Park. Average change was +1.62% for all parks.51 Visitation to national parks and historic sites in our region was more than 2.5 million in 2017.50 1 0 St a t e of the Basin Sn a ps h o t Re po rt 201 9 Arts councils promote art and culture by hosting events and funding local artists. There are 18 arts councils in the Columbia Basin-Boundary.52 Learn More The Columbia Basin Rural Development Institute (RDI), at Selkirk College's Applied Research and Innovation Centre, is a regional research centre with a mandate to support decision-making by Columbia Basin-Boundary communities through the provision of information, research and capacity building support. Beyond the State of the Basin, the RDI engages in fee for service and grant funded research initiatives in partnership with communities and organizations across the region. REFERENCES & RESOURCES 1. Columbia Basin Rural Development Institute. State of the Basin. Available at: http://www.cbrdi.ca/index.php/Research/State-of-the-Basin. 2. BC Stats. Population Estimates. (2019). Available at: https://www2.gov. bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/ population/population-estimates. 3. BC Stats. Population Projections, British Columbia and SubProvincial. (2018). Available at: https://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/apps/ PopulationProjections.aspx. 4. Statistics Canada. Census Profile, 2016 Census. (2016). Available at: https:// www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index. cfm?Lang=E. 5. Province of British Columbia. Vital Statistics: Births and Deaths. (2017). Available at: https://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/apps/VitalStatistics.aspx. 6. BC Stats. Mobility. (2019). Available at: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/ content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/ mobility. 7. Statistics Canada. Job vacancies and average offered hourly wage by occupation (broad occupational category), quarterly, unadjusted for seasonality. (2019). Available at: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/ cv.action?pid=1410035601. 8. Statistics Canada. Job vacancies, payroll employees, job vacancy rate, and average offered hourly wage by provinces and territories, quarterly, unadjusted for seasonality. (2019). Available at: https://www150.statcan. gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv!recreate.action?pid=1410032501&selectedNodeIds=1 D11,1D80,1D81,1D82,1D83,1D84,1D85,1D86,1D87,1D97&checkedLevels=1 D1&refPeriods=20150101,20181001&dimensionLayouts=layout3,layout3,la yout2&vectorDisplay=false. 17. Environmental Reporting BC. Municipal Solid Waste. (2019). Available at: http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/soe/indicators/sustainability/municipal-solidwaste.html. 18. Interior Health Authority. Drinking Water Public Notification [Custom Data Request]. (2019). 19. BC Assessment. Property Values [Custom Data Request]. (2019). 20. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Rental Market Reports — Canada and Provincial Highlights. (2018). Available at: https://www.cmhcschl.gc.ca/en/data-and-research/publications-and-reports/rental-marketreports-canada-and-provincial-highlights. 21. Ministry of Environment. BC Species & Ecosystems Explorer. (2019). Available at: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/plantsanimals-ecosystems/conservation-data-centre/explore-cdc-data/speciesand-ecosystems-explorer. 22. Province of British Columbia. Caribou in British Columbia. (2018). Available at: https://governmentofbc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?a ppid=60eef687ed3a44a1881b1b79e47c7f41. 23. Ministry of Forests Lands Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Provincial Caribou Recovery Program 2017/18 ANNUAL REPORT. (2018). 24. Ministry of Forests Lands Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Snow Survey and Water Supply Bulletin – January 1st , 2018. River Forecast Center (2019). Available at: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/ gov/environment/air-land-water/water/river-forecast/2018.pdf. 25. Ministry of Forests Lands Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development - Water Management Branch. British Columbia Drought Information Portal. (2019). Available at: https://governmentofbc.maps. arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=838d533d8062411c820ee f50b08f7ebc. 26. BC Wildfire Service. Wildfire Averages. (2019). Available at: https://www2. gov.bc.ca/gov/content/safety/wildfire-status/about-bcws/wildfirestatistics/wildfire-averages?keyword=wildfire&keyword=averages. 27. Ministry of Forests Lands Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Fire Perimeters - Current. BC Data Catalogue (2019). Available at: https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/fire-perimeterscurrent. 28. Ministry of Environment. Air Data Archive. (2019). Available at: https:// www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/air-land-water/air/air-quality/ current-air-quality-data/bc-air-data-archive?keyword=BC&keyword=air&ke yword=data&keyword=archive. 9. Living Wage for Families Campaign. Living Wages in BC and Canada. (2019). Available at: http://www.livingwageforfamilies.ca/living_wage_rates. 10. Statistics Canada. F-20: After-tax low income status of census families (census family low income measures, CFLIM-AT) by family type and family composition, adjusted, 2016. Community Data Program (2016). Available at: https://communitydata.ca/. 11. Statistics Canada. Labour force characteristics by province, territory and economic region, annual - Unemployment rate. (2019). Available at: https:// www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410009001. 12. BC Stats. Number of Businesses & Employment by Industry. (2019). Available at: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/businessindustry-trade/number-of-businesses-and-employment-by-industry. 13. BC Stats. Business Formations & Failures. (2019). Available at: https://www2. gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/economy/business-formationsfailures. 29. 14. BC Stats. Building Permits, Housing Starts & Sales. (2019). Available at: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/economy/buildingpermits-housing-starts-sales. Environmental Reporting BC. Fine Particulate Matter - Status of Fine Particulate Matter in B.C. (2015-2017). (2019). Available at: http://www.env. gov.bc.ca/soe/indicators/air/fine-pm.html. 30. 15. BC Stats. Regional District General & Financial Statistics. (2017). Available at: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/local-governments/ facts-framework/statistics/regional-district-general-financial-statistics. Ministry of Forests Lands Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. Harvested Areas of BC (Consolidated Cutblocks). BC Data Catalogue Available at: https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/ harvested-areas-of-bc-consolidated-cutblocks-. 31. 16. Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure. Transportation ProjectsBC. (2019). Available at: http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/tranprojectsbc/. BC Conservation Officer Service. Columbia Basin Bears [Custom Data Request]. (2019). 32. Ministry of Environment. Invasive Plants. (2019). Available at: https:// www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/plants-animals-ecosystems/ invasive-species/plants. www.c brdi .c a 11 33. Ministry of Environment. Invasive Mussel Defence Program 2018 Interim Report. (2018). 46. Kootenay Food. FARMERS MARKETS. (2019). Available at: https:// kootenayfood.com/farmers-markets/. 34. Interior Health Authority. Inspection Reports - Child Care. (2019). Available at: https://www.interiorhealth.ca/HedgehogPortal/Facility/ Table?SearchText=child care &SortMode=Community&page=24&PageSi ze=25. 47. Province of British Columbia. Municipal General & Financial Statistics. (2017). Available at: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/ local-governments/facts-framework/statistics/statistics. 35. Ministry of Education. StrongStart BC - Find a StrongStart BC Program in Your Community. (2019). Available at: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/ content/education-training/early-learning/support/programs/strongstartbc. 48. Ministry of Education - Libraries and Literacy. BC Public Libraries Statistics 2002-Present. BC Data Catalogue (2019). Available at: https://catalogue. data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/bc-public-libraries-statistics-2002-present. 49. Destination British Columbia. Kootenay Rockies Regional Tourism Profile. (2017). 50. Parks Canada - Government of Canada. Parks Canada Attendance 2017-18. (2018). Available at: https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/docs/pc/attend. 51. BC Parks. BC Parks 2017/18 Statistics Report. (2018). 52. Columbia Kootenay Cultural Alliance. Arts Councils. (2019). Available at: http://basinculture.com/arts-councils/. 53. Nelson and Kootenay Lake Tourism. Annual Events and Festivals. (2019). Available at: https://www.nelsonkootenaylake.com/see-and-do/events/ annual-events. 36. Ministry of Education. StrongStartBC Attendance [Custom Data Request]. (2019). 37. Ministry of Education. B.C. Education System Performance - 2019 Information to Support Student Learning. (2019). Available at: https:// studentsuccess.gov.bc.ca/. 38. Statistics Canada. Crime Severity Index and Weighted Clearance Rates, Police Services in British Columbia. (2019). Available at: https://www150. statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=3510006301. 39. Civic Info BC. 2018 Voter Turnout. (2018). Available at: https://www. civicinfo.bc.ca/electionreports/voter-turnout.php?year=2018. 54. 40. Statistics Canada. Charitable Donations, 2016. Community Data Program (2016). Available at: https://communitydata.ca/. HelloBC. Events in BC. (2019). Available at: https://www.hellobc.com/ things-to-do/events. 55. 41. Perinatal Services BC. Low Birthweight Newborns in the Columbia Basin [Custom Data Request]. (2019). Ministry of Advanced Education Skills and Training. Post-Secondary Central Data Warehouse Standard Reports - Headcount Totals - October 2012 Data Submission. (2012). 42. The BC Farmers Market Trail. Kootenay Rockies & Columbia Basin Archives. (2019). Available at: https://bcfarmersmarkettrail.com/ markets/?region=kootenay-rockies. 56. Ministry of Advanced Education Skills and Training. Post-Secondary Central Data Warehouse Standard Reports - Headcount Totals - October 2015 Data Submission. (2015). 43. Kootenay Business. Farm fresh, close to home. (2018). Available at: https:// kootenaybiz.com/greenscene/article/farmers_markets_in_the_kootenays. 57. 44. West Kootenay Go and Do. Farmers Markets. (2019). Available at: https:// gokootenays.com/farmers-markets/. Ministry of Advanced Education Skills and Training. Post-Secondary Central Data Warehouse Standard Reports - Headcount Totals - May 2019 Data Submission. (2019). 58. 45. Central Kootenay Farm & Food Directory. Farmers’ Markets. (2019). Available at: https://centralkootenayfood.ca/venues/farmers-markets/. Ministry of Forests Lands Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development - Geo BC. Food Banks. BC Data Catalogue (2019). Available at: https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/food-banks. For more information on RDI projects and resources, visit www.cbrdi.ca. The Columbia Basin Rural Development Institute acknowledges the support of Columbia Basin Trust State of the Basin findings have been developed by a team of qualified researchers. A variety of data sets were used to develop indicator findings, and as such, community groupings may vary from indicator to indicator. In some cases community-specific data is not available. State of the Basin research should not be considered to be a complete analysis, and we make no warranty as to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the data. The Columbia Basin Rural Development Institute, Selkirk College and Columbia Basin Trust will not be liable for any direct or indirect loss resulting from the use of or reliance on this data.