-Celgar Woo e * . By BURT CAMPBELL Editor, Castlegar News (First of Two, Parts) Columbia ‘Cellulose’s Cel- gar pulp division here turns out pulp and: the company's: modern sawmill turris cut lum- ber, but’ just’; how,;do | the bundles of ‘logs that*land on the log decks of the two plants ready-to be turned into a fin- ished product get here? Nobody ‘would be naive - enough to: believe that they grow that’ way — some 30 or 40 logs all wrapped up in‘two steel cables, But it's not gene- rally appreciated ‘just how ex- tensive are the procedures and steps followed by each log be- fore it ends up in a bundle on the log decks here ‘ready to : be converted into either high grade bleached kraft pulp or , Celgar lumber. ; ~ "=" Recently this reporter had the ‘opportunity of spending two days touring Columbia Cel- Julose’s Celgar woods division Jearning just what happens to a tree as it makes its journey from the forests in the Arrow Lakes region to the mills here at Castlegar. Celgar’s Tree Farm Elcence No. 23 covers some 2% Ey lion acres, Of this acreage, on- ly about one acre in every three is productive forest land. The rest is marshes, lakes, ri- vers, creeks, rocks or mountain tops. O£ this total productive forest of some 870,000 acres, . - a Fallers are employed by. the company but own their own chain saws. ‘The ‘faller at right is shown falling a 130-ft.-high hemlock. He can fall 60 to 70 trees a day. The faller first makes a cut near the base of the tree ‘and then makes a second cut on the other side a Chokerman, such ‘as’ in:the left picture, next attach wire’ nooses called. chokers to the putt end of the trees. These cables are then : winched up to the tractor where ‘the logs hang several feet off the ground so that they of the bush, ‘a’ cut about half of it is immature growth (trees still growing to ‘ maturity) while the other half is made up of mature, fully- grown trees ready to be har- vested. The annual cut of mat- ure trees Is ‘about 300,000 cu-° nits —‘or 990,000 logs from 600,000 trees! ‘The’ whole Tree Farm Li- cence is divided into four main areas and these in turn are di- vided into a total of 15 man- agement units each of which is associated naturally with some drainage basin. The : whole Tree Farm Licence is then further broken down in about 800 cutting permit areas , of roughly 2,000 acres apiece. The whole Tree Farm Li- cence is managed ‘on a sustain- ed yield basis under the con- trol. of company foresters. Cutting .practices’ are ‘carried out that promote high utiliza- tion ‘and salvage of timber in all forest stands. Seed blocks (areas. of growing trees inter- laced. with ‘logged areas) are lald-‘out ‘to encourage natural Forest Service then goes in and; after study, sets. the cuts ds Division F roll of nearly $2 million, This if doesn’t include the 240 men the-new high-produetion saw-: mill here. nue logs ‘are’ sorted” ting permit (the- 1 by the whether . they're se include Ing what ing for. the or. pulp: logs’ ant stands of trees can or cannot be cut and establishing what stumpage — royalties — must bo paid on:each log by the company to the provincial trea- sury.) aif On the TFL, logging is done by’ company. operations in the Shelter Bay area locat- ed near Galena Bay at the north end of Upper Arrow La- ke, the Pingston and Fosthall areas which are just north and south of Nakusp, and in the Whatshan area located south of Nakusp. The remainder of the licence is logged by private contractors who supply their own. men and equipment but who work on the company’s Tree Farm Licence area. (itis a stipulation of the: company’s licence that it contract some 30 per cent of its annual cut from the licence area to inde- pendent operators.) All of the TFL north of is logged by private Areas which are not stock- ed by natural means are plant- ed or seeded to ensure the esta- blishment of future stands of trees for'a continuing harvest on’a sustained ‘yield ‘basis. area in the TFL to be set up as a cutting. permit area is first cruised. (investi- gated) by a company forester to see What species and age of'trees are in it. The B.C. op ‘ hammered into ‘the:end of:each ‘log white at ing the same time the remaining tree branches f the log: while the logs _ are “limbed” Vis _ contractors while in the south- ern part of the licence ‘such private contractors as Mike Bil- inski’s high-balling, smooth- operating ‘Barnes Creek Log- ging at Fauquier work to make sure that the two mills at Cas tlegar never go hungry. 1 Ron Jordan, Celgar woods division” manager, counts 325 persons employed in the woods _division with an annual ‘pay- of the tree just above the first cut. Timber . =. and the tree falls to the ground with a crash. Before falling the tree however, the faller first determines which way” he wants it.to° fall to make the job of dragging it butt-end’ * out of the bush easier for the tractors. a clear obstructions while being skidded (drag- ged) out of the bush..As many as 10 logs will ‘pa skidded (right picture) out of the bush at one time by ‘the. tractor-depending’ upon the proximity of the fallen trees to, each other and the difficulty of the terrain. where it came number hammered into the. butt. * — the nu ite Celgar woods division; George Richards, forester in’ charge of working plans, Nakusp,’ and Ed ‘Smith;-'superintendent of the same’ time are’ sorted; by species, These, sorts may be by pure: species!— such as-cedar fir-larch, . A‘: tremendous «size: area is needed for as many as_ 10‘sorts' may ‘be’ required.''A! tractor with a front-end loader is used'to'move the logs about. ’" LOADING — A front-end carry'an average load of about 40 'to, 50 ‘tons. In the’ Fosthall area’ on’ that day the trucks -were making four round trips, each trip 13’ miles’ one ‘way. the woods’ division's logging areas}. The ‘scope of what these men showed us was impressive umber of meh, amount of equiprient, network of roads and the logging and re- and s N 30 to 40 Joga eens : STRAPPING — At the wa- ter.dump the Joad is strapped with steel cable while it is still on the truck'to form a single bundle: with a maximum cir- ‘way. Each truck load is a “bundle” indicate that Celgar is here to stay, and on-a substantial and: sustained basis. Our first stop was at a plot of immature trees where the growth of the forest is measured. This was one of 300 to 400 such plots already esta- “log of'35 feet. At this stage a colored tape (white for fiemlock'sawlogs, red for cedar ‘and yellow for pine) is attach- ., ed to, the’ bundie so that its. “species is ‘marked. .Then the bundle is dumped into ‘either’ ‘the sawlog pond or the pulp . pond. ere are two dum, ‘one high up plished or p the Tree Farm Licence area. George Richards, who" is res- ponsible for regeneration, ex- plained that the trees are checked. at five- or 10-year intervals, depending on_ the growth capacity of the soil. By these checks the potential growth of immature stands + can be judged. Just like capi- tal in a business, the rate of growth of the forest determin- es what return is to be obtain- ed over what period of time on an investment of time, ma- chinery, men and equipment. After’ several more stops les of na- (small trees own), with what logging ps for “use during high | water, the other lower, down for use during low water.) .). RAFTING..— .The. sawlog anlzed|" efficient and integrated logging ENCE No. 23... CELGAR LIMITED Nrentwron, ve mus oo a eee INTEAMATIONAL ; BOUNDARY Columbia Cellulose’s Tree Farm Licence No. 23, issued in July, 1955, coyers 2% million acres of which some 860,009 acres are productive forest land. ‘The balance of the area on the Columbia tiver Watershed harbours three public working circles managed by the B.C. Forest Service for public ‘development, the Revel- tarts stoke National Park and some freehold forest tracts owned Castlegar. 4 _ »..From_ then on responsibili- ty: passes and the ‘conversion of the logs to pulp and lumber becomes the job of others. But the ,lumber .and_ pulp mill di- visions can carry.on their un- interrupted operations only be- cause — as the editor of Pulp These are‘the steps which just about every.tree follows before it winds up ‘on the jog deck of: either the pulp mill or saw- .mill here .at Castlegar: 3 @' Falling ke them’ in order: .ersaw:;which he, owns him- self, the faller makes a first cut near the: base.of the tree and then on the‘other side of the tree just above the first cut he makes a second one. Timber . ....and the tree falls tothe ground with a crash. :. Before falling: the: tree how- ever, the faller first determines which way he wants it to fall to make the job’ o: To tak € : FALLING —'Using a pow- Io f dragging it butt-end‘out of the bush eas- then w: which ‘he has 3 “packs: up *, Chokermen‘ ho ‘\ depending ‘on the terrain) ‘ai hen the truck arrives at the ading to the: water. dumpi 1 privately: The licence area extends from Syringa Creek in the south to Mica Creek in the north. This huge area is broken into four main blocks for forest. nent and ting pu: (: These are the’ north. block above ‘Revelstoke, the south block which incorporates the’ forests around the Lower Arrow Lake, the east block which starts at Nakusp and. includes: the area itorthward towards Golden‘and to the east of Upper Arrow Lake, and the west’ block lying on the west of Upper Arrow Lake and the Columbia river and running north to within a few miles of Revelstoke. 200 7 U0)" : # x p t for the dumping grow . truck is being loaded (see left-photo), inorder’ that ‘stumpage (royalties) may: be p: na it and an accurate record: kept: of ‘the’ mount of: wood taken out o! icula: permit. ares. . # ¥ ping are here: the logs will be deposited into is.first:* Alek sanedles XL bee The hunting season is in the offing,’ but:the fishing season is in’ full swing,’and in fact it is fast approaching its peak right now. ¥ h :;": Up Kaslo, way they're catch. ing-two. and’ three pound: rain- bows and ‘silvers almost by the bushel. : One Rossland . couple. took 140 fish for a total’ of 500 pounds..in:. four days... Don't scream; there is no limit on sil- vers,” 2 ; Two of our. local fishermen — Nick. Keraiff and Serge Plot- nikoff— ‘rianaged to land 27 fish. The biggest was a.4%4 Ib. silver, the smallest, a two-pound Kamloops.:;They, were: up there for. two; days, ‘but. got all their fish in’a-three-hour period. ..Myself,-I;went chasing coon hunters with a conservation of- ficer, The. only’ difference was “Persons Bought Out Around Damsite ‘More than : At least 75 per'cent of the) tour. ofthe. Arrow Lake com- people to be dislocated -b: Arrow dam want to rel iby the mnunltieg affected. thelr immediate area, Chamber of Commerce learned | West -K Cha { merce | t Kootenay chambers, | president pes cw era veapher ite Haak aa ibe : Fairbanks reported on their Park have 10. desire to move : | out of ‘: HA atone a, dcewo0d, au “WAYNE’S into one ore TWOWAY RADIO SALES :& | SERVICE “Ph, 965-8298 We handle car radios, ° : record players, ete. hensive over Jand’ settlements, 182-4th Ave: Kinnaird |Boitz agreed. TTI 1 * Me ey We Ke , : LAAN! going to be worse ott thon they Castlegar’ Dining Room © ~ - BUSINESSMAN’S SPECIAL ~ CHOICE OF 3. SANDWICHES -Anclu-tes, Soup, .Dessert r- Coffee) ONLY.85e 8 ee row Lakes region’ to ‘hou displaced: sedonts ate Residents’ were most aapre| ate today, the : settlement B.C. made for ‘thelr. property. - Imp: b as “Of SU demand indicate aceon tare. for Canada’s petroleum in- '-”, Production of ‘crude ‘oil and natural’ gas ‘liquids,’ which. will likely increase’ by. 8 ‘per cent this “year; miay-“almost ‘double by 1975,:says:the Canadian Im- mercial Letter for July ‘which was just issued. See 3 +) There are reasonable: pros- production. may, di arrels per day. “devel ments in| Were: eating breakfast. Bacon perial Bank of Commerce Com: |; pects that the industry will reach | > - these fellows: \weren't. after someone’s‘fruit or corn but they were illegally fishing the spawn- ing salmon‘ that'find their way up «the “Okan bait that I kn the ‘and eges and icoffee were ‘left on' the table andiaway we went. I say-, we, .. because being ghtly-intérésted:in’ things. of 1 nature, I went along. out of curiosity’s sake, and* general. interest.of course. I even ‘sug- gested the use:of my car ra- ther“ than the department: one te sneaky 1 know, but I felt the is bi ers ‘are given a big chant than they deserve, = chance ear. : > By.,the time. we-had parked C reached the:-river ome: 300: yards: away, there Nu; of sacks of fish and their ar and. he ‘added that they were ‘Spearing and netting fish, Evidence : of: several “Students of Notre Dame Un. iversity of Nelson are eligible for. federal“ government ‘loans for the fall term under.the Ca- nada Student Loan ‘Act recent]; approved by. the House of Coi ean, es 4f 2 e university was notified of ‘the eligibili ast “ weelti322°) =; Inview of the time elem temporary: application forms these loans are now available ere only two:boys anda young the® university. office: SLICED CRUSHED OR. TIDBITS Pineapple Malkin’s 2 15-02 tins A9c Tomatoes Malk'n’s 4 20-02, tins $1 S Round Steak canada choice 79 i Bologna slleedy Bae esse ns DIE -39¢ LiGird ‘switrs 2 tie Kool Aid snort, 10 aot AIC = SUGGE 10 te renee SLM neasuring), of the wood ‘is' carried ‘out:as: the - : utting | _ GROUND BEEF | S SIRLOIN. STEAK Now the rest of the limbs ate After: banding the bundle is rolled off the ed (cut) up into‘required leng- trailerby a truck-powered winch anda gin- = Sores 2; pole and is dropped:into the water. The aerial view at right is of the holding grounds at the ‘water ‘landing. It shows the truck-load-size T-BONE STEAK LBo Be 806 et Sie many sorting piles shown: in’ the picture ‘at. right. A tremendous size ‘sorting area is ‘re- quired ‘for as many. as 10 ‘gorts may be'ré- 3 " quired depending on: the species to be found - ig one tiecessits by.” the in the cutting permit area... i Sot building of: the ‘pulp. ‘mill’ and Next ine logs are sorted according to whether they’re sawlogs or pulp logs and at the same time they're sorted by species, The tractor shown at left with a “grab" of ‘logs takes them and distributes thern' to’ one of the down the ‘river: to‘ Castlegar::where the indi-; - vidual Jog bundles. are : en‘ until.they Jand on the log decks of either the pulp mill: or sawmill,» { EAL i it “quantities