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“But in 1986 the British people face national defeat at
the hands of @ sinister foe: our ignorant and ill-mannered
selves.” °

British courtesy, Gregory said in a recent interview, “is
a myth. It's based on foreigners’ reading of romantic fiction.
‘The reality, especially in our inner cities, is that we are
heading back to the Stone Age. It's simply appalling, the
way people treat each other.”

Gregory's has won a -

i ditoria! 'y from around
the country and a 260-strong dues-paying membership in the
first month of The Polite Society's existence.

SYMPTOMATIC?

Some commentators see Gregory's complaint as
symptomatic of a deeper anxiety in British society, not just
about ishing pleases and thank-y but about youth

IRE]
AIP La
DlEIE|
‘Answer to Sunday, Mar. 22 Cryptoquip:

MICROBIOLOGIST, BEGINNING ADVANCED
RESEARCH, SAID, “I FEEL | HAVE THE GERM OF AN

& RBher to Binday Crowd Puzste No. 453

Observer discerns

among his countrymen a feeling
“England is leaving the English. . . that they have become
mistrustful.”

bad-tempered and unsociable
Ascherson argues that if
” it:

and
the change means removing.
should be

trified while Mount
says it matters little that British behavior is no worse than
elsewhere, because “politics is a drama of self-images'

” and

FOR OBSERVERS
TORONTO (CP) — For as many as & dozen daily

observers, a day at the courts is like an evening at the
theatre.

The or court rete oo te one solid, baa
every day at Toronto's Uniyersity Avenue courttiouse
Ups sharing informa

tion and discussing what

the horror of the Heysel Stadium riot in Belgium in 1985
“embodied everything that we have come to fear in England
— civil disorder, social boorishness, economic decline.”
‘Thirty-nine people, mostly Italians, died in the riot in which
British soecer fans went on a rampage.

Foreigners, at least until recent times, had always
marvelled at British manners.

" wrote the critic Randal Jarrell,
“English than none at all,”

‘The English abroad, before the days of charter flights to
overseas socter matches, were paragons of correctness to be
slavishly copied.

Luigi Barzini, the late Italian writer, once recalled his
grandfather, a tailor, putting an extra crease in his trousers
because that's what English visitors seemed to prefer. He
never realized that the creases were simply caused by the
trousers being folded into suitcases.

Now government minister Chris Patten warns that “we
risk the creation of a yob society and an impoverished
culture,” yob being Cockney slang for a lout,

But a foreigner arriving today, encountering the
cheerful cab drivers, the orderly lines at bus stops, the
self-effacing smiles, might wonder what the latest fuss is all
about.

In reading The Times, the visitor will find a discussion
in the letters column on whether “Dear Sir or Madam” is still

to be the best bet, after one,regular warns not to expect
much action at & theft case in No. 8, where district court
Judge Edward Wren may sentence a woman on a guilty

“Teddy can think about it for a year,” he warns,

lawyers and judges.

Some are passive observers, while others prefer to
participate — sending treats to judges, commiserating
with the families of victims and taking notes with
journalistic flair.

NOTHING IN COMMON

From all walks of life, they have nothing much in
common except a fascination with trials. Some have been
enjoying it for_more than a decade.

“It's part of a very human phenomenon. . . &
combination of intellectual inquiry and the soaps
business,” says Prof. Graham Reed, chairman of
psychology at York University’s Glendon College in
Toronto.

the correct form in official correspondence.
And the British really do apologize when you step on

their toes.

“I certainly do,” says Charles Kidd, who works for
Debrett’s, the authority on royal and noble lineages. “It
always strikes me afterward that it’s a bit ridiculous, but it's
something you're brought up with from childhood.”

’ Kids need

fairy

MONTREAL (CP) — Move
over Big Bird and Cookie
Monster.

Kids need the rich fantasy
world of traditional fairy
tales, especially the dark and
sinister side of the stories,
one of the world’s foremost
experts: on:ehillirda ‘said:

«>And Bruno Bettelheim, 84;

warned against tampering
with or watering down fairy
tales, which he preferred to
call folk tales.

“They contain the wisdom
of the ages .. . and fiddling
with them is like vulgarizing
Shakespeare,” Bettelheim
told the final day of a
three-day international con-
ference of some 2,000 educa-

Bettelheim, a psychologist,
psychoanalyst and author of
dozens of books, said fairy
tales also contain important
basic concept used in psy-
chology, and have often
proven useful in treating dis-
turbed children.

In recent years, fairy tales
have frequently come under,
attack by experts and par-

a year-round destination’- always

tales

ents. for containing gory.
cruel or frightening seg-
ments.

But Bettelheim said it is
precisely those aspects that
help children confront and
overcome their fears.

The witch's gingerbread
‘house: hiddén ''deep” ii” the
forest in Hansel and Gretel,
for instance, represents “the
darkness within ourselves,”
he said. “And this is what we
have to face in order to get to

day,” he says.

appeals.

and he gets four years.”

back.

murder trial in No. 20.

* Celebrated court cases have always drawn large
crowds, but these unflagging onlookers can find
something satisfying in almost any case.

“['vé seen pretty well everything — petty theft to
drugs, arson, rape, incest, disbarment, murder,” says Lee
Levine, 54, who got hooked less than three months ago.

By comparison, Don White, 56, is a veteran. He
walked into a courtroom by mistake 30 years ago while
doing some research in Vancouver. He has been coming
back on and off ever since.

A year ago, he took some time off restaurant work to
pursue his pastime regularly.

“Tve been thinking maybe I should get a job as a
night manager, and then I can come down here during the

With a bit of experience, the regulars can juggle two
or three court cases at a time, without losing the thread.
They also keep track of coming rulings, sentencings and

Two oldtimers are able to guess within five days
what sentence the defendant will get, Levine boasts.
“They say 60 days, and he gets 60 days. Four years

Professional courtgoers insist that the mental
stimulation, not the blood and guts, keeps them coming

“['m not very fond of violence or murder,” says one
regular, a 75-year-old widow who has attended for 10
years. One hour later, she is riveted to the hideous

know

In short, dramatic bursts,
fairy tales take us to the edge
of this pyschological abyss
and back again, said Bettel-
heim, who has won numerous
honors and awards during his
long career at the University
of Chicago.

Such tales also teach chil-
dren independence, although
being rescued is often a re-
current theme, he noted.

Bettelheim, who has used
fairy tales in treating psy-
chotie children, noted that
kids often latch on to a par-
ticular tale and want to hear

Children given
better lives

NEW YORK (AP) — Par-
ents in the United States be-
lieve they are giving their
children better lives than
they had while growing up, a
poli reported in Parents
magazine indicates.

The findings contradict
what a Yale psychologist
called “myths about the de-
cline of the American fam-
ily,” the magazine said.

The poll asked 258 parents
to compare their childhood:

the family spends more time
together now than when they
were growing up, 17 per cent
said less, 33 per cent said
about the same and two per
cent not sure.

The magazine's national
poll was conducted by tele-
phone last October. It had a
margin of error of 6.1 per
cent.

Commenting on the re-
sults, Deborah Phillips, a de-

with their children’s. Sixty-
two per cent said their chil-
dren’s lives were more satis-
factory.

Eight per cent said the
children's lives were not as
good as theirs had been, 26
per cent said they were about
the same, and four per cent
were not sure.

Forty-eight per cent said

P at
Yale, said she has, “been
suspicious all along of media-
and government generated
crises, such as missing chil-
dren and sex abuse in child

care.”

Such things do happen, but
they are not pervasive and
“to generalize from them that
the family is in trouble is just
not right,” she said.

phe ate

t

;

Tim Pryor would
planting and i
anybody driving
Pryor’s idea isn't as wacky as it seems. His company
has already built: classy little computerized “eye” for
industrial robots that General Motors has put to work at
its assembly line in Saginaw, Mich. ,

“It works like a dream,” says it of
new mousetrap.”

Diffracto is one of two Ontario companies that has
turned a y 1 designed by federal fi
into a form of sight for machines. : ;

Leigh Instruments Ltd. of Ottawa created « vision’
system for the robotic Canadarm that’s ready to test in
space.

MIMICS BODY
‘The system — called real-time photogrammetry unit,
or RPU for short — basically mimics the hand-eye
co-ordination ofthe human body.
‘That means the Canadarm should be able to reach
out and pick up a stray satellite, for le, without

Pryor,}
Ditffracto Ltd. of Windsor, Ont, “But it’s not easy to sell a

built into the robot. een a

“This thing is so’fast ahd accurate that it's able to
Jock on to: moving (assembly) lines no matter what they
do, whether they're swaying or swinging,” says Pryor.

, Machine vision may have value in space, but Pryor
believes “there are wildly more uses for RPU right here
on earith.”

He wants to put the unit to work in mines, farm
fields, just about. anywhere.

Leigh also has a few earthbound ideas once the space
testsiare wrapped up."

“At the moment, we can’t really go and sell the space
vision system to anybody because not many people have
spate shuttles,” says Paul Nephin, Leigh's RPUmanager.

The British aerospace industry, for example, is

d in

anyone guiding it.

“The system is capable of doing that,” says Charles
Perrat, a computer expert who helped develop RPU at
the National Research ‘Council.

But Canadian astronaut Steve MacLean will still
control the arm when he tests the unit aboard the U.S.

ic vision controls for the British-
made Harrier jump jet, Nephin says. The vision would
guide the fighter jet into tight landing spots on smallere
ships.

“We're also looking at applications to help
helicopters land on destroyers,” says Nephin. “They can
do it, but only in good weather.”

Gene causes depression

NEW YORK (AP) — Researchers say they have found a
second gene that causes manic-depressive disorder and that
it may account for one-third of the cases of the psychiatric
disease.

The discovery, reported three weeks after the first
gene was found in a large Amish family, “provides strong

School in Jerusalem, Israel, reported the finding in the
weekly British journal, Nature.

Manic-depressive illness is estimated to occur in one
million to two million Americans. It includes extreme mood
swings, in which deep depressions alternate with periods of
intense activity. or irritability. Symptoms can impair

support for the notion that i Pp’ illness is a
cluster of separate genetic and possibly non-genetic
varieties,” said Dr. Miron Baron.

The finding should help scientists tailor treatment to
the type of manic-depression a particular patient has and‘to
discover what goes wrong biochemically to produce the
disease, Baron said. He added that it will take several years
to isolate and study the gene.

disrupt personal relationships and even encour-
age suicide. .

It often responds to drugs but scientists don't know
what causes it.

The researchers studied several generations of five
large families with a total of 161 adults, of whom 47 had
manic-depressive illness or a related disease.

Evidence for a faulty gene on the X chromosome was
found in families from Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Yemen, with

‘The gene may account for third of manic-dep!
cases, estimated Baron, iate psychiatry Pp at
the Columbia University College of Physicians and

Surgeons.

no evid found in a family from Poland, researchers
reported.

s+ Researchers looked for the disease and for two
conditions caused by defective genes on the X chromosome:

The newly found gene is on the X fi
it is not involved when a son inherits the disease tronr his

> father, Baron said. Boys inherit. a Y chromosome rather than

an X chromosome from their fathers.
Baron and colleagues at the Yale University School of
Medicine and the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical

color and a mild anemia caused by deficiency of an
enayme: called ig 6 y

Results. showed:-that the gene: for~manic-depressive
illness must lie very close to the genes that cause the other
two conditions. Family members who inherited the gene had
about an 80-per-cent chance of getting the illness.

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