health never use cigarettes, says a report by the Worldwatch Institute. ‘The report says that since the first anti-smoking en ee saying its and on smoking in cae pleces are moderate. The report says that worldwide, more than a billion people smoke an average of more than half a pack a day and cigarette-related deaths, ranging from lung cancer to house fires, strike more than two million people annually. William Chandler, author of the report that compiles statistics and studies from around the world, describes smoking as a deadly epidemic that should be regarded as seriously as other international health problems. SEEKS ACTION with the vigor of anti-drug i against toxic though and chemicals claim far fewer victims than tobacco,” Chandler concluded. The report recommends total bans on smoking in the workplace, restaurants and all public buildings as a and suggests to quit and to discourage the young and poor from ever starting the potentially addictive habit. Researchers found that in a dozen countries where smoking has declined ‘in the last decade, the price of cigarettes and lower per capita income was a more important factor than health campaigns against smoking in eight of the countries. The institute is a non-profit research organization that compiles global information on energy, environment and health trends. In some western countries, smoking no longer symbolizes fashion, status and upward mobility as it did years ago, but this has not dramatically reduced tobacco consumption, Chandler found. For example, while the portion of the American population that smokes has dropped 20 per cent since 1964, U.S. tobacco consumption has not fallen because smokers are smoking more heavily. CAMPAIGNS ANALYSED The institute researchers analysed the strength of anti-smoking campaigns around the world from a scale of one, representing no program, to 100, representing the strongest program. Canada ranked 42, compared with a ranking of 50 for the United States and 92 for Bulgaria which has a total ban on cigarette advertising and on smoking at work or in restrictions on advertising and public smoking are moderate and anti-smoking education is mild. The label on Canadian cigarette packages reads: “Warning: Health and Welfare Canada advises that danger to health increases with the amount smoked — avoid inhaling.” However, he praised Canada’s high cigarette taxes as an effective tool, attributing a 1983 drop in Canadian smoking to a tax imposed that year. He said about 35 per cerit of Canadians smoke now, compared to 40 per cent at the run of the decade. On a per capita basis, every Valu CASTLEAIRD PLAZA ONLY mm. While Stocks Last! PRICES EFFECTIVE THURSDAY, JANUARY 16 the best quality and selection at fresh thresher shark fillets ole trout kg 6.59 w. 2*° se fillets 2” kg. 6.59 w. CAS GET YOUR CARD TODAY! ror 24-uour TELLER SERVICE: at Castlegar and Trail vs Over 200 ATM's soon in Canada! cod fillets frozen * Hong Kong prawns kg 17.61 w. ii octopus s | 59 kg 3.50 w. Canadian smokes an average of 31.67 cigarettes per year. Teen drinking on the increase responsible drinking in mak. ing decisions of when it is an appropriate time if they do choose to drink and how much to drink.” Homer said the availability of alcohol in the home is a factor in the increase in young alcoholies. Children who are alone be- Xs By CHARLES HANLEY The Associated Press e still looks at home in grey Moscow's Sverdiov Square, a bearded, fatherly hewn from granite, forever sum- moning workers of the world to unite. But in People’s Square in Shanghai, or along Budapest's Lenin Boulevard, or even on Avenida Marx in revolutionary Luanda, Angola, the 19-century socialist sage Karl Marx might feel uncomfortable in the late 20th. A tide of change is rising through the one-third of the world “Made by Marx.” ‘Where it may crest is beyond foretelling. In China, the Communists have “de-communized” the farms, setting hundreds of millions of peasants loose to reap their own profits. In Africa, a socialist president who says he “made a big mistake” in handing nationalized plantations back to private interests. In other Com- munist-led countries as well, Marx's heirs are turning to capitalist tools to woo foreign investors and inspire their own workers. The Chinese even talk of opening a stock market in the biggest of all people's republics. A stock market? “For a socialist country, let's say it's Changing times in the world accor said Leptin, an economist at West Berlin's Free University. MOVEMENT STALLED “The first major step away from real socialism was when Khrushchev sold machinery from the state farms to co-operatives,” Leptin said. “Up until then, control by the state was considered a higher level of economic and social development, higher than control by groups like co-operatives.” The movement soon stalled by the Soviet Union. But by the late 1960s neighboring Hungary was testing out its own brand of “goulash communism,” a system of ‘The first major step away from real socialism was when Krushchev sold hi y from the state farms to co-operatives’ — unusual,” says American C: ist Party Vietor Perlo. WHAT IS MARXIST? It’s more than unusual, says Edward Hewett, a specialist in socialist jes_at hi 's worker incentives, decentralization and, eventually, limited private enterprise. In 1976, the Communist parties of East and West Europe, meeting at a historic East Berlin summit, Brookings Institution. “It isn't Marxism.” Judging just what is Marxist has perplexed the world ever since the original Marxis{ died 102 years ago. declared there were “many_roads to socialism.” China was soon taking the widest detour of all. DISMANTLED SYSTEM Beginning in 1978, two years after revolutionary patriarch Mao Tse-tung died, new leader Deng Xiaoping “Marx himself refused to give for the development of socialism,” West German scholar Gert Leptin noted in an interview in New York. In fact, much of the current change does not relate directly to Marx's theories, but to Stalinist centralized controls, a later application of basic Marxism. The new Communist “cooks” are not just tinkering with recent recipes, however. They also are sinning ageinst some commandments of Marx — the Marx who d the marketpl. mons Profiting from the labor of fellow man, and er Hi Mao's huge system of state-run collective farms. Today, 90 per cent of China's more than 750 million peasants till their own land on long-term leases from the state. Encouraged by the “Dengists,” more than nine million private businesses have opened in China — small restaurants, tailor shops and other services with up to seven workers. Local factories have taken on more market decision-making. Prices are being deregulated Foreign investors have been invited in. theory in one phrase: “Abolition of private emery CAST OFF CANONS Again and again in recent interviews, those who follow socialist systems closely said C: ist leaders ing is working: The Chinese economy raced ahead at a breathtaking 13-per-cent rate in 1984, leaving discarded theory in the dust. Marx's ideas on capitalism were correct, the Chinese party Journal Red Flag of are “groping,” looking for any means to put new life into their struggling economies. They are not about to take down the statues or rename the avenues — or surrender the absolute power their Communist parties now wield. But they are casting off some century-old The Great woteich ceely, the experts say, is February's 27th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party, when new Kremlin leader Mikhail Gorbachev can show whether he intends to open up the world’s original Marxist state, a country whose economic system has kept the price of bread the same for 30 years, to the latest wave of innovations. The roots of change actually can be traced to Moscow, the year 1957 and Premier Nikita Khrushchev, lained, but his “ were not so in their entirety.” East Europeans, living in the Soviet shadow, are not dropping the old days as easily as the Chinese have shed their Mao suits. But trends are clear. MANY SELF-EMPLOYED In Hungary, private restaurants and shops, with up to nine employees, are flourishing. Self-employed taxi drivers cruise Budapest's streets. Moonlighting techni cians can sell computer software developed in their basements. Thirteen per cent of Hungary's farmland is now privately held, reports Washington consultant Jan Vanous, a specialist on Soviet-block economies. Most of the rest is worked by profit minded co-operatives that are hing out into li fi ing ding to Marx The Hungarians have national production plans. Plant managers up output and wage plans geared to profit and productivity. In the latest reform, workers are joining the boards of state-owned factories, weakening the power of central party bureaucrats. In Bulgaria, private plots are now checkered through private enterprise, Vanous says. In Czechoslovakia, for a long time a holdout against capitalist investment, the government recently signalled an interest in developing local technology jointly with foreigners. Even in solidly Soviet-line Vietnam, the, Communist leadership declared in June the time has come to end “bureaucratic — in lbdege nang _ prteeg, “if we are to “ SHARP TUNNABOUTS Some of the-sharpest-turnabouts are occurring on Marxism's Third World frontiers — especially in Africa, where an economic crisis is pressuring governments to search for new approaches. In Tanzania, shaped for 24 years by President Julius Nyerere’s “African socialism” a sombre Nyerere declared in May that nationalizing the country’s sisal plantations in 1967 was a blunder. They will be returned to private growers. In Guinea, once staunchly socialist, a new government has abolished collective farms. In Angola and Mozambique, self-proclaimed Marxist states, the governments are hunting for new capitalist investors. . Change comes slowly at the Institute of Marxism- Leninism in Moscow. But change is coming. TRIED EXPERIMENT In his brief 1982-84 turn at the top, the late Kremlin leader Yuri Andropov instituted an experimental ‘In Hungary, private restaurants and shops, with up to nine employees, are flourishing’ program, covering 12 per eent of Soviet industry, that gives some factories more autonomy and broadens incentives for workers and managers. Gorbachev is now ing this limited li izati and Hewett says most Soviet industry is expected to be covered by 1987. The ruling Politburo has also decided to extend private-plot farming, now amounting to only three per cent of Soviet farmland. And the government newspaper Izvestia has even ing private ing by Soviet craftsmen. Despite the new ferment, however, the world of Marx is still far from free-wheeling Even in innovative Hungary, Vanous reports, the private sector accounts for only five per cent of production. In the Soviet Union, the new “decentraliza tion” actually provides for tighter central control in some KARL MARX - Stock market in China? respects, such as in setting target figures for new products. And everywhere, the party remains in ultimate charge of the economy. TWO STAGES Perlo, 73-year-old of the U.S. C Party's Economic Commission, said people misunder- stand Marx if they see a trend toward capitalism. “Marx spoke of two stages of communism: the first, generally referred to as socialism, is supposedly governed by the formula, ‘From each according to his abilities, to each according to his work.’ The second stage, communism, has the slogan, ‘From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs. What ts happening, Perlo said, is that governments are still fine-tuning the first stage, rewarding individuals unequally, according to what they produce. Once production surges and wealth abounds, according to Marx, man can settle into the second stage, a more leisurely life with all rewarded equally according to need. But Hewett insists the misunderstanding was Marx's. “If you look at Soviet living standards today and compare them with what must have been Marx's idea of the material wealth necessary for full communism, the Soviets would already be there,” he said “What Marx didn’t anticipate was the insatiable wants human beings seem to have for goods and services.” Deng and the other innovators maintain they are on the road to true communism. But, uneasy over the forces of self-interest they have unleashed, the Chinese have now mounted a counter-campaign against profiteering and corruption — an “evil wind,” they call it, blowing it with the new tide. — = ik © B.C. grown * Money's California grown * Canada no. 1 fifth and six Monica Homer, who Bice: ed the Manitoba Motor league to help launch a drinking awareness program in 13 local elementary schools. Homer is an associate pro- fessor of health at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York. She said there are beginning to drink in parbops grade.” The aim of the awareness program, she said, is to teach children at an early age about preach abstinence,” she said. “What we're dealing with is the eventual learning of fore their working parents come home are the hardest hit, she said. The start of the program coincidentally follows the ree lease of a survey indicating more Winnipeg youth drink alcohol than other Canadian youngsters. ‘The survey, by the Alcoh- olism Foundation of Mani- toba, found that 31 per cent of the young people surveyed claimed to have had at least one drink a month compared with the national average of 27 per cent. Manitoba now joins On- tario, Alberta and British Columbia as well as half of the United States in offering the program to children from kindergarten to Grade 6. HOMEGOODS FURNITURE WAREHOUSE Tues. - Set., China “Drive a Little 9:30 - 5:30 Creek to Save a Lot” ushrooms shit ~ ce a 9 CEA: 1 sf California grown * Canada no. 1 green onions ornia grown * cello radishes ulk spinach .98 lifornia grown * Canada no. | ~ celery wire oD California grown * Canada no. ! ae cloves California grown * Canada no. 1 watercress bunch 69 ia grown * Canada no. 1 mvocadoes OTTAWA (CP) — If Canadians voted for change a year ago September, they've got their money's worth from Pat Carney. Carney, a former journalist who has represented her Vancouver Centre riding since 1980, is the government's wunderkind. She is one of the few ministers who has actually done something without getting into trouble. Simply, Carney has returned control of the oil industry to the oil companies while stirring only a murmur of protest. Given that oil companies have not been the most popular institutions in the land, that ranks as some accomplishment Even on what observers said was her most ticklish mission, deregulating natural gas prices while keeping both Alberta ‘and Ontario happy, she managed to finesse the political wild cards. Although Alberta pretty much got what it wanted from the deal, she managed to set things up so that Ontario declined to mount the barricades. The gas deal was a masterstroke for the woman who has three addictions: Other people's cigarettes, work and making deals. That Carney has done what she has without stirring any political storms is both a combination of timing and skill. In post-recession Canada, the mood is unabashedly pro-business and polls show the oil companies are much more popular now than they were in the days when the oil cartel held sway and crude prices were ever rising. Carney, a hefty lady with a mercurial temper, runs on what she calls the “crash-and-burn theory.” She works until she is ready to drop, then she takes what she calls “downtime,” which might mean a two-week holiday in Maui or a weekend at home “I will just go back to Vancouver for the weekend and never leave my townhouse and putter around my kitchen, go out to shop at Safeway and take books back to the library and pretend I lead a normal life, which I find relaxing.” BORN IN CHINA China-born, the minister is arguably the most powerful woman in the country. She not only runs a large and diverse department with interests from reactors to home insulation, she also is the vice chairman of the cabinet committee on the economy and is a member of both the inner cabinet and the cabinet committee on security and intelligence. While Sinclair Stevens was convalescing from a heart operation this fall, she took on added duties as Carney runs on the ‘crash-burn theory’ Minister Brian Mulroney thought she was under-employ But this fall, the demands of juggling life at the top, with its long days and extensive travel, with her other life as a divorced mother of a teenage son, got a bit much. On the day Stevens returned to Ottawa, Carney checked into hospital. A chronic back problem had flared up and she knew it was either a few days in hospital then or a much longer stay later. There have been so many rumors about Carney taking over the finance portfolio from Michael Wilson that her press secretary warns that his minister is getting tired of the question So does she want finance? “Who wants to be minister of finance when you have a $34-billion deficit? I've told Mike Wilson I'll be very happy to be minister of finance the year after he brings in his first surplus. That may be a long way away.” Neither, she says emphatically, does she harbor ambitions of ever becoming prime minister. She is prefectly happy where she is. Much of what Carney set out to do now has been done: Her agenda is at least 90-per-cent completed, she says. But she has no worries about getting bored in her job. “I like energy . . . This is the fun,” she says. Her role now is to bring on the projects that she says her policies have paved the way for. “I want to scratch my initials in some of those projects. I do not want to be prime minister, OK, I want to walk around the drilling rig. | want to walk around a huge drilling platform in Hibernia, I want to turn the tap on a heavy oil project and I'd like to lay the cornerstone of a new Synerude plant.” BIG POKER GAME The “fun” for Carney will be negotiations around those projects. Negotiations for her are a big poker game. “I used to play a lot of poker in my younger days, but I acting minister for the Industry and Expansion__Department __because, she _ says, Prime . [have very few vices except smoking PAT CARNEY Canada’s most powerful woman? Some critics have suggested it is easy to be an negotiator when all you do is give things away, but Carney says the provinces wanted much more than they ever got. For Carney, the most important part of making a deal is figuring out first what will make ‘everyone satisfied. Not happy. just satisfied. “You can't afford to give too much, you can't afford to take too much,” she says. “You have to identify in advance what it is that all the parties have to have as minimum when they walk away. Maybe that's all they get but they have to get that.” Carney says much of her success is due to the fact she was the energy critic when the Tories were still in Opposition and had figured out what she wanted to do and how she would do it before she became the minister. And she says she had a pretty good idea that if Mulroney won, he would give her the energy job. So she was able to hit the ground running, she says. Even her staff, which she runs slightly ragged and is reputed to be among the best in town, was pretty well selected before she moved in. Some who have watched her performance say she is one of the ideologues in cabinet, someone who fundamentally believes that business works best when government keeps its fingers out. What she has done, she says, is to create “what is now considered one of the most attractive oil and gas environments in the world.” It has also been called a gamble. Carney has given the industry its head, and has returned to the companies billions of dollars in tax revenue that Ottawa had collected under tne national energy program, so that they can invest in the big new projects she sees on the horizon, projects like development of the Hibernia field off Newfoundland, the Venture gas field off Nova Scotia, oil sands and heavy oil plants, development of oil in the Beaufort and new pipelines to take Canada’s oil and gas bounty to markets in the United States. She has done all this at the same time that oil prices have been either falling or threatening to fall and the projects she needs to bring on to avoid a free-fall from politieal grace depend on high prices. But she says oil prices may drift down for a few years but they will bounce back and will probably be just where they should be by the time all these projects have been built and are starting to produce. “The gamble, if there is a gamble, is that we are betting that we have created this environment which is internationally competitive and which has freed up the industry.” So, she says. even if oil prices do fall, the industry will look at Canada as one of the best places in the world to put its money and the projects will go ahead and she can scratch her initials on production rigs on the Grand Banks. She will have called the bluff of her critics and she and the country will walk away with the pot.