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SCIENCE

c2_Casthégat News _vre 2.1907

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Castlegar Book Shop, or from members of the K:

KOOTENAY-OKANAGAN ELECTRIC
CONSUMERS ASSOCIATION

Joe Irving, Chairman/Director
Carl Knutson, Treasurer
Harry Killough, Director ..

McCormack has
life and death job

RED DEER, ALTA. (CP)
+ Pauline McCormack has
the unusual task of dealing
with life and death, almost in
the same breath.

As head of the Alberta
human organ procurement
and she

organ transplants ustally
take place with 24 hours of
death.

Last Monday, the unex-
Pested death of a 19-year-old
man meant new life for six
others, including Red Deer
heart i}

notifies anxious Albertans
awaiting transplants when a
suitable organ is available.

That's the great part of her
job — giving people a second
chance to live.

But to find a compatible
heart, liver, lung or other or-
gan, she must deal with fam-
ilies in shock over a sudden
death.

It's up to her to ask
whether they will consent to
hasn't got much time. Vital

IMPORTANT

NOTICE

To All Customers of
Heritage Chevrolet
Oldsmobile Ltd.

Through a_ special

arrangement with General

Motors of Canada Maloney Pontiac Buick GMC Ltd.
has been appointed to handle all warranty and
campaign programs for Chevrolet and Oldsmobile
owners who have been inconvenienced by the
closure of Heritage Chevrolet Oldsmobile Ltd. in
Nelson. Should you have any concerns or need

assistance please contact

MR. CARL JOHNSON
Please Call Collect 365-2155

Maloney Pontiac Buick GMC Ltd.

“The Kootenay's Largest Auto Dealer”

Rita Ludwig. .
~ “He was young, healthy, he

very graciously gave con-
sent.

“These families are never
ever forgotten.”

Besides a new heart for
Ludwig, the man's death led
to two cocneal transplants,
two kidney transplants and a
bone transplant.

She says for many families,
consenting to donate the or-
gans of a loved one provides
comfort during a difficult
time.

In the past three years,
Albertans have adopted a
new attitude toward death
and donating vital organs.
Kidney transplants have in-
creased 687 per cent since
1984.

But it has taken North
Americans a long time to ac-
cept the idea of having their
body organs live on after
they're gone.

“The biggest hurdle people
had to overcome was they
had to be reassured over and
over again that at the time of
organ donation they would be
really and truly dead,” said
McCormack, a former nurse.

Public education programs.
such as Organ Donor Aware-
ness Week, which runs until
Saturday throughout North
America, have helped en-
courage people to sign their
donor cards, found on the
backs of all driver licences.

Ludwig became the 13th
Albertan to undergo a heart
transplant in an operation
Tuesday. She waited months
for her new heart.

A spokesman for Univer-
sity Hospital in Edmonton
said late this week she was in
stable condition and “very
chatfy and véry happy”

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Canadian
faced with

TORONTO (CP) — Anyone who thinks Canada has a
good record in wildlife conservation might pause for a
moment's silence in memory of the passenger pigeon, the
great auk and the Labrador duck.

Those ill-fated birds were obliterated at the turn of
the century through over-hunting.

Today, there are some 90 types of flora and fauna in
Canada that are threatened with extinction. It's a
problem that remains hidden to most Canadians because
of the widely held and basically accurate belief that the
country is rich in untouched wilderness, says environ-
mentalist Monte Hummel.

“In the countries that have lost a lot — Principally
mainland Europe and England — there is a

birds are
extinction

White Dog Falls. Following a stint at the University of
Toronto, he returned home to find the town suffering
from what turned out to be one of the first major
instances of mercury pollution.

Where a local fishing industry had once prospered,
he says, there are now only “fish for fun” signs sporting a
skull-and-crossbones to warn the unwary.

Pollution, he says, is really a symptom of the
greatest problem facing wildlife across the world, —
destruction of natural ecosystems through the activities
of human beings.

ENDANGERED

“Just as I could go across the country and give you a

list of species, I could give you a list of

high conservation awareness because they've got so
bloody little left,” says Hummel, full-time president of the
World Wildlife Fund of Canada since 1979.

The list of threatened species in Canada ranges from
the peregrine falcon and whooping crane — powerful
symbols for conservation gropus — to the obscure
pugnose minnow of southern Ontario and the southern
maidenhair fern, found nowhere in Canada but the
Fairmont Hot Springs in B.C.

THREE A DAY

Worldwide, the destruction of habitats is responsible
for the extinction of three plants or animals each day,
Hummer said in an interview. In a couple of years, the
rate could be up to one an hour.

The appraoch taken by the wildlife fund to prevent
this from happening often surprises people because it
accepts that humans have a right to hunt, harvest and
otherwise make use of wildlife.

“Our botton line is that wildlife resources are going
to be used,” he says. “But if they are going to be used, it's
got to be on a sustainable basis.”

The non-profit international organization, with
Prince Philip among its patrons, is based in Switzerland
and maintains offices in 23 countries.

Since its formation 26 years ago, the group has spent
$150 million on 5,000 conservation efforts around the
world. In 1985, it spent about $1.5 million in Canada on
projects that include a study of Arctic whale populations
and a program to protect prairie grasslands.

KEEPS BUSY

Conservation is more than just a job for Hummel, it’s
a vocation. A youngish 40, he has written three books and
more than a hundred articles, helped found the
environmental lobby group Pollution Probe and com
pleted two master's degrees.

He grew up in the Northern Ontario community of

endangered ecosystems,” Hummel says.

“On the West Coast, there are the islands and
shorelines of B.C., then you go through the prairie
grasslands — probably the most endangered habitat in
the country.

“You can swing into Ontario and look at what's
happening with acid rain, then go to the St. Lawrence
River which is heavily contaminated. And in the salmon
streams on the East Coast, we have acid rain and
overfishing.”

Working with other wildlife groups, federal
government agencies such as the Canadian Wildlife
Service and some corporations, the World Wildlife Fund
acts as a quarterback in co-ordinating research into ways
to save threatened habitats and species.

Much of the research is carried out by staff from
Canadian universities who volunteer their time. When
the studies are done, the participants try to translate
them into a plan of action.

WHALE PROJECT

The five-year-old Whales Beneath the Ice Program,
for example, has involved Inuit groups, the federal
government and industry in a $250,000 study to
determine the population levels and habitats of various
Arctic whale species.

Hummel says he expects to travel soon to Clyde on
Baffin Island to discuss with local Inuit communities the
study's 26 recommendations for monitoring and preserv-
ing the whale populations.

Hummel, a natural optimist, says he’s convinced that
increasing public support for conservation will soon make
the issue of endangered species a priority for government
and industry.

“If you're not concerned about the environment,
you're going to be forced to be,” he says. “It's the cost of
doing business and it's a social priority.”

Disease of the ‘80s’ is a result

.of the office tower you work in .

BUSINESS

COPING IS NOT ENOUGH
World debt ‘an inconvenience’

By MARIO POSSAMAI

The Third World debt
crisis has been little more
than “an inconvenience” for
rich nations, says Morris
Miller, formerly Canada's top
official at the World Bank.

“But it's been disastrous
for the developing countries”
Miller, author of the new
book Coping Is Not Enough,
said in an interview.

Standards of living have
plummeted as the world’s
poorest countries experien-
ced some of the toughest
times since the Great De-
pression.

In Mexico, for example,
per capita income has drop-
ped 40 to 50 per cent in the
last five years, he estimates.

“And there’s no light at the
end of the tunnel,” said Mil-
ler, who left the World Bank
in 1984 and is now an Ottawa-
based economic consultant

advising on Third World is-
sues.
BEGAN IN 82

The crisis erupted in 1982
when poor debtor nations,
facing mounting payments to
creditors and slumping prices
for their exports, were push-
ed to the brink of defaulting
on their loans.

Since then, the world has
managed to stave off disa-
ster, says Miller, but long-
term solutions have been
elusive.

He provides a sobering
warning: “Time may not be
on the side of those who
count on muddling through
without a helmsman, hoping
for fair winds.

“Too late, they may find
out that a policy of coping is
not enough.”

At the heart of this crisis is
a debt load of astounding
proportions: Third World
nations owe the richest coun-

tries more than $1 trillion,
money that many analysts
doubt will ever be fully re-

paid.

Canadian banks are among
the large commercial credi-
tors. For example, they're
owed the equivalent of $14
billion Cdn by the Third
World's two biggest debtors,
Mexico and Brazil.

How did things get this
bad?

To find the root of the
problem, Miller goes back to
the 1970s when sharp oil
price hikes were swelling the
coffers of OPEC nations.

As Rupert Pennat-Rea,
editor of the Economist, once
put it: “How simple it all
seemed: on one side, billions
of petrodollars piling up in
banks; on the other, coun-
tries with big deficits to fi-

nance,
“Recycle the cash from one
to another, and the problem

Home improvement
worth $14 billion

TORONTO (CP) — Home
improvement is a $14-billion
industry in Canada, but des-
pite its size, it remains frag-
mented, with small firms that
go in and out of business with
alarming frequency.

Some renovators have no
office, just a truck and a
ladder.

“The home-improvement
industry has a rather bad
reputation,” acknowledges
Jim McGregor, a Toronto
contractor specializing in
major additions and renova
tions since 1969.

McGregor and his firm,
Lambton Home Improve
ments Ltd., recently joined a
contractors’ network called
Mr. Build, that is attempting

to succeed where other fran-
chise operations have failed.

Started in the United
States, the Canadian opera:
tion, based in Richmond has
sold almost 70 franchises
since 1984.

“we wanted to become a
bi "Me

the blue coveralls worn by its
tradesmen, came to Canada
in 1979 and sold franchises to
home-improvement contrac-
tors.

A couple of years later, its
Australian founder departed
with an estimated $1 million

brewer says.

Mr. Build, created by the
same marketers who devel-
oped Century 21 Real Estate
and Uniglobe Travel, is the
latest attempt to improve the
industry's image.

FAILED IN PAST

There is some doubt whe.
ther it will catch on because
similar schemes have failed
in the past.

The Blue Army, named for

of ’ money.

Mr. Build covers virtually
every service related to
property management.

Franchisees pay an’ up-
front fee of $6,900 and a
monthly fee of $400 to $850 to
join ‘the chain, which offers
help.in advertising, market-
ing and management.

“We hope to teach them
more about the business side
of their business,” says Rich-
ard Simmonds, chairman of
Mr. Build (Canada) Ltd. and a

Foreigners buy

MONTREAL (CP) — On
the outside, it looks like a
gleaming monument to
modern technol

Dennis Malayko, health
and safety official of the Al
Berta Union of Provincial

On the inside, almost new,
hermetically sealed office
tower you work in may well
by the cause of your head.
aches, skin rashes lethargy,
breathing difficulties, respir-
atory-tract problems and
your inability to concentrate.

Your boss may dismiss
your ailments but many ex-
perts are likely to attribute
them to “sick building syn-
drome.” And they report a
growing number of
complaints about sick build-
ings.

“It's been called the dis-
ease of the '80s,” says Doug-
las Walki , one of the

recently told
Cee Business magazine
his union's 40,000 members
lose more than 100,000 work.
days a year because of sick
building syndrome. And he
reported a seven-fold in-
crease in complaints about
white-collar office environ-
ments since 1983.

The syndrome occurs when
the indoor environment is
more polluted than the one
outside. The problem is often
related to inadequate ventil-
ation so workers are breath.
ing recirculated, contamin-
ated air.

But the root cause of the

country’s foremost special-
ists.

“It’s a very emotional area
with major implications” —
ranging from health risks to
lost productivity, said Walk-
inshaw, a mechanical engin-
eer who runs the federal
Health Department's indoor
air control program.

Mm experts note, is of.
ten difficult to pinpoint. A
$200,000 study of Les Ter-
rasses de la Chaudiere in
Hull, Que., failed to turn up
the reasons why employees
have complained of everyt-
hing from dizziness to prob-
lem pregnancies. That build.
ing, erected in 1977 and hous:
ing 6,500 workers, is often

called Les Terraces de la
Shoddy Air.

Almost any product re-
leases some potentially toxic
substances into the air.

CAUSES NAUSEA

Human beings produce car-
bon dioxide that, depending
on the levels, can cause
headaches, dizziness, depres-
sion, drowsiness, nausea and
increased heart and respir-
ation rates.

Photocopiers, plywood,
glues, inkless copy paper, fire
proofing, perfume, tobacco
smoke and cleaning fluids are
among materials that can
pollute indoor air.

No one knows exactly how
many sick buildings there are
in Canada. One federal study
said 64 of the buildings in
vestigated had insufficient
ventilation.

No one knows what the
long-term health risks of the
syndrome are, but the short-
term effects can be felt
almost immediately:

TV reporter Geroge
Athans, a former water-ski-
ing champion who exercises

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regularly, says he can't spend
more than three hours in
Maison Radio-Canada, the
modern CBC tower here,
without feeling exhausted.
“Doctors have told me I
must be suffering from sick
building syndrome,” Athans
said. “There's nothing the
matter with me until I come
into this building and I feel
like hell when I'm here.”

Walkinshaw and other ex.
perts say buildings started to
get sick in the early 1970s
with the first energy crisis.
As the price of energy sky-
rocketed, governments en-
couraged builders to make
buildings as air tight as pos-
sible to save on heating and
air-conditioning costs.

At the same, minimum
standards for quantity of air
circulated were cut.

The Society intends to
triple that standard to 7.5
litres of air per person per
second in a building where
smoking is banned and 30
litres where smoking is al-
lowed, he said.

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U.S. businesses

WASHINGTON (AP) — Foreigners invested a
record $31.5 billion US in the purchase of U.S. businésses
last year, up 36.2 per cent from 1985, the government
reported Thursday.

In retail trace, purchases by foreigners totalled $5.1

billion, up from $1.2 billion in 1985. The largest
investment was the purchase of Allied Stores, the big
U.S. department-store chain, by the Canadian Campeau
Corp.

The Commerce Department said 1986 marked the
third consecutive year in which foreign investors
increased ing to acquire or in
the United States. The rapid increases reflect a four-fold
jump from the 1983 level of $8.01 billion in foreign
investment.

The report said more than one-half of all spending in
1986 occurred in the final three months of the year as
foreign businesses took advantage of various business tax
breaks before they were repealed Jan. 1 by the new tax
law.

The major driving push behind the big jump in
foreign investment in the United States has been the
country's huge trade deficits, which have transfered
billions of dollars into the hands of foreigners to pay for
foreign cars and other imports so popular with U.S.
consumers.

As aconsequence, the United States has moved from
the status of the world’s largest creditor to the world’s
largest debtor country, meaning foreigners now own
more in U.S. investments than the Uhited States holds in
foreign investments.

Vv: lawyer who re-

tired from practice_ix 1983 to

pursue other interests.
WEAR UNIFORMS

Mr. Build contractors wear
burgundy and grey uniforms.
They promise not to smoke
on the job without permis.
sion, to clean up when they
leave each night, to reply
promptly to messages and to
notify customers if they are
delayed more than 30 min-
utes.

Given the troubled history
of home-repair franchising,
observers wonder whether
Mr. Build will be any more
durable than its predeces-
sors.

“They don't look at quali
fications. The only criterion
they use is, ‘Does the guy
have the money?’ ” says Har-
ry Felton, general manager
of the Homeservice Club of
Canada, whose 47,000 Toron-
to members pay $36 a year
for referrals and guaranteed
work, .

Felton says it’s easy to re.
cruit contractors, but diffi
cult to keep them in a fran
chise network.

“Ifa contractor puts up the
money and becomes estab-
lished, he won't need it a
second year. And if he
doesn’t get enough business,
he won't return, either.”

stay.

another country?

beginning in September) interest you?

ene

ROOM AND BOARD
FACILITIES REQUIRED

Selkirk College is seeking room and board facilities for Inter-
national Students. More students will be arriving from time to
time so we need to keep building a list of available homestay
facilities. The next group is arriving July 19, 1987 for a short

Do you have a spare room in your home?

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Does the prospect of $12/day or $350/month ($375/month

Sign up today by calling Lola at local 346 or Rajesh at local 343.

CASTLEGAR CAMPUS

Box 1200, Castlegar. B.C. VIN 3J1
365-7292

would be solved. Actually it
was created.”

In part, bankers were

problems of individual deb-
tors were dealt with as they
came up on an individual

80 willing to lend these huge basis.

amounts because of the wide-
spread expectation that the
Third World's major prod-
ucts — like oil, copper and
coal — would keep getting
searcer and more expensive.
But that wasn't to be.
The recession of the early
1980s struck and

Loans were refinanced and
payment periods extended,
but the underlying problems
were not addressed, Miller
says.
NEED NEW DEAL

The current adjustment

process “in as much as it is

prices fell sharply as the fac-
tories in rich countries used
fewer and fewer basic mat-
erials. D

Pi B--
societal strains in the debtor
countries while the creditor
banks find that, with time,

found it hard to sell their key
products. And what they did
sell brought in lower prices.

Adding to their woes was
the fact that many of their
loans were made at adjust-
able rates. When borrowing
costs went through the roof,
so did the cost of servicing
the debts.

Since then, solutions have
been inequitable and short
term, Miller argues.

In particular, Miller is crit-
ical of the so-called case-by-
case approach, in which the

there is a d ing danger
to their viability,” he writes.

Miller says a solution
would require international
co-ordination through a new
agreement — similar to the
one reached in 1944 at
Bretton Woods. It laid the
groundwork for postwar fi-
nancial and monetary stabil-
ity.

And, as part of that solu-
tion, he believes that coun-
tries need to provide fresh
capital to the world's poor
debtors.

“When Canada grew, it

needed capital,” writes Mil-
ler. “Every country in the
developing stage needs capi-
tal. It then dévelops so it can
pay it back.
“Coping is not enough. We
ch: \.

. by
Jones-Irwin; 268 pages;

$33.75.

a
June 3, 1987 Castlegar News c

?

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