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Castlegar News _ ociober19, 1986

LIFESTYLES

ANTHROPOLOGIST SAYS

Women's image a myth

HALIFAX (CP) — The be-
lief that women have only re-
cently gained freedom from
the perennial image of the
domestic servant appears to

a Halifax
anthropologist.

Dianne O'Neill believes
that’s because “the conven.
tional assertion that woman's
place has always been sub-
servient and nurturing in the
past” did not even emerge
until the turn of the 19th
century.

Before then, she says,
women enjoyed far more
freedom and equality — at
least on canvas.

Depending on artists’ abil.
ities to capture societal
values, she’s put together an
overview of almost 400 years

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of paintings and prints. In-
terestingly, art created be-
tween 1600 and 1800 por-
trays women and men in
more equitable roles than
works dated after the In-
dustrial Revolution.

While her exhibit of 70
works titled In Her Place,
currently on display at
Mount Saint Vincent Uni-
versity, is not intended to be
a definitive history of
society's attitudes toward
women, it provides some in-
triguing contrasts O'Neill at-
tributes to a period of social
upheaval.

DESTROYS UNIT
“Prior to the Industrial
Revolution and the French
Revolution, the economic
unit of production was the
family,” she explains. With
the development of advanced
machinery, she says, men
were taken further from
home as they played a larger
economic role in the fac-
tories. Meanwhile, women

became more domestic.

After poring over 500
works in the lending galleries
in Canada, O'Neill says she
was “astounded by the

tered by the images of
women from the two earliest
centuries. None of these
images could have been
painted by an artist who con
sidered woman to be home
bound, child-bound, duty-to-
her-lord-and-master-bound.”

Her selection of pieces
from the Baroque period
between 1600 and 1750, al
most entirely the work of
male artists, represents
women as powerful, peaceful
and pious. In social settings,
women participate equally
with men — whether playing
cards, enjoying music or
merry-making.

“But at least, even just
from the art, you didn't see
women portrayed doing do-
mestic tasks,” she notes.

During the Rococo period,
1715-1785, paintings were
often based on simpler, even
frivolous themes, although sh
says “both women and men
continued equal in their friv
olous pursuit of life's sensual
pleasures.”

It's not until what O'Neill
has termed the Realistic per.
iod of 1780-1915 that women
are shown as being distanced

strength and power regis- from activities carried out by

How to vote

men. Her selection from this
period includes paintings of
women taking on the role of
observers while men revel.

O'Neill found one of the
most disturbing features of
the Realistic artists to be a
preoccupation with what she
calls the “anonymous nude.”

“There's endless nudes
who are nothing more than a
naked female sitting or lying
in an artist's studio with no
context,” she says. “And it
seems to me that says some.
thing about the attitude to-
ward women.”

The period is alos full of
works that illustrate women
grieving over the loss or de-
parture of men.

While she admits her ex

hibit amounts to only a

theory, “and it will take a lot
of historians doing a lot of
work to suggest that that
theory might be true,” 0’
Neill has also begun to re-
search the social history of
the last 400 years.

“If an equitable relation-
ship of what comes through
the art — and I did go
through every textbook I
could lay my hands on and I
think it's an honest evalu-
ation of what's happening —
how much more does that
convey about those earlier
societies?” she asks.

“And that question I can't
answer. But it seems to me,
more and more, that social
historians are producing evi.
dence that refutes the idea
that women were nothing.”

Wine tasting a
tough challenge

TORONTO (CP) — It's a
tough job, but someone has
to do it

So a four-man team re
cently spent a gruelling week

if youre away from

home on Election Day.

Even if you're

y now you should

have received your

“WHERE TO VOTE’

card. This card tells
you exactly where to cast
your ballot. If for any reason
you cannot vote at this
location you may do one of
the following

1 Out of Polling

7ision.

If you happen to be away from home
but still in the same Electoral District
you may vote at any Polling Place

Just remember, you should take your

“WHERE TO VOTE ' card.

from home on October 22nd
there are ways for you to exercise your right.

JOHN DOE
123 ANY STRE?
ANYTOWN
Vaz 2m

IA Out of Electoral

District.

Once again, you may vote outside of
your Electoral District by going to the
nearest Polling Place and casting your
ballot. Remember to take two pieces

of proper identification with you

Wee For further
information

Contact your local Returning Officer.

of written and oral tests
representing our country in
Wurzburg, West Germany.
With national pride on the
line, the team finished fifth
among 10 countries.

The daunting challenge:
tasting German wine.

The teams competed in
blind tasting — where the
wine isn't known — and
written examinations in or-
der to determine which coun.
try had the best tasters.

Not too surprisingly, the
best tasters of German wines
are West Germans. Tasters
from Sweden, Great Britain
and Japan also finished ahead
of Canada, which placed
ahead of Norway, Denmark,
the United States, the Neth
erlands and Finland.

Tasters are gearing up for
a Canada-versus-U.S. match
in the next couple of years
and the next international
finals in 1990.

‘Special’
students
need help

REGINA (CP) — Schools
have come a long way in
helping children with special
needs, but there is a lot more
to be done, says the public
school board's direction of
education.

Eleanor Rourke says
schools will have to reach out
to the community for extra
support to get the job done

“The demands on school
boards to meet the needs of
exceptional students will be
great during the next de
cade,” she recently told dele.
gates to the Canadian Con
gress of the Council for
Exceptional Children.

Rourke says schools lack
appropriate tools for evalua
ting the needs of the ment
ally or physically disabled
and those who are “gifted.”

NO-SMOKING
BYLAW CREATES
CONTROVERSY

TORONTO (CP) — Albertine Fruitman vows she'll
never ask clients — who spend up to seven hours in her
posh beauty salon getting makeovers — to butt out.

But Philip Rieger has already hidden the ashtrays in
his tiny barbershop.

Jim Weaver at Toronto's famed El Mocambo night-
club dares politicians to enforce a bylaw which tells
people where they can smoke in bars.

Some patrons condemned the newest round of
no-smoking rules for the city, with one joking that the
“next thing city hall will want is us to dress for dinner.”

Others welcomed the changes as a breath of fresh
air.

Bars and taverns with more than 40 seats must set
aside 30 per cent of their seating for non-smokers while
barberships and styling salons must ban smoking.
Changes come into effect Dec. 1 and carry a maximum
penalty of $1,000 for those not upholding the bylaw.

CARRIES FINE

First notice — which comes from city health
inspectors, not police — of violation is a $53 fine.

“This is a totally stupid law,” said Fruitman, owner
of Le Shoppe Beauty Salon in trendy Yorkville.

“If somebody's paying $150 in here, we're not about
to tell them not to smoke if they want to,” she said. “You
try to tell a woman who's smoked for 10 years that she
can’t have a cigarette in the next five hours.”

A total makeover of face and hair can cost up to $300
in Le Shoppe and take six or seven hours, Fruitman said.

“The law is the law and I must obey the law,” said
Philip Rieger, 64, a Polish immigrant, who spent five
years in German concentration camps during the Second
World Ward, and has run his little barbership for 24

BUSINESS

Right way to get a loan

By BRENDA DALGLISH

Asking your banker for a loan can be an unsettling
experience — a little like discovering a police car in your
rear-view mirror.

Your palms turn clammy, you get flustered and you feel
like a sorry cross between a sinner and a criminal.

After all, it doesn't seem quite right to be borrowing
money to buy something today that you really can't afford
until tomorrow.

But if you've decided the advantages of immediacy out
weigh the disadvantages of interest costs, you should know
there are right and wrong ways to go about negotiating a
loan.

Here's a little insight into what the loans officer on the
other side of the desk is thinking about when you make your
application.

RATE THE RISK

“Lending is good judgment,” says Jim Brodie, product
manager in personal lending services at the Royal Bank
“The first criteria you look at in any borrower is his credi.
bility.”

"The bank primarily wants to be assured the loan will be
repaid, he says. The less risk the borrower represents, the
more eager the bank will be for his business.

One basic rule of thumb is that gross debt service —
payments on all debts outstanding — should never exceed 40
per cent of an individual's income, Brodie said.

But that guide varies depending on income and the level
of assets. The ability of someone who earns $15,000 a year to
use 40 per cent of his income to pay debt is much more
restricted than someone whose income is $45,000, he said.

There are many secondary factors that bankers

“We wouldn't like it, for example, if « client was
borrowing money to pay off a gambling debt,” he said,
adding that a bank would have no legal recourse to collect on
a loan made for such a purpose.

pay off, Walker acknowled;

“Technically it shouldn't happen,” he said. “We should
all be on the same basis on analysing credit. But there are
different people taking the applications and there are

i in the market.”

different

in a consolidation loan — one made by a
wanting to combine other borrowings, often on high interest
credit cards — the bank will have more questions, Brodie
said.

That's because the borrower may not have acted
responsibly with his credit and needs the loan just to meet
his monthly payments.

But bankers do not see their role as “one to decide
whether or not you should drive a Cadillac or a Chevrolet,”
he added.

GET PERSONAL

Dave Walker, senior manager in the Canadian Imperial
Bank of Commerce's consumer loan department, said the
bank will also want to know a little about you.

In addition to your current debt and credit rating, it will
be interested in such things as your employment record,
assets, even the number of times you have changed resi
dences.

Walker and Brodie both advised that prospective loan

bring along financial £ . It
should outline their income and expenses and indicate that
the applicant, at the very least, has a good grasp of his
financial position.

Theoretically, they say, most lending institutions will
assess in the same manner any given client who provides the
same information, lending him the same amount of money at
the same rate.

But both bankers suggest it’s possible to improve your
acceptability and reduce your interest rates, just by your

consider when they decide on loan lifi and rates.
WHAT'S LOAN FOR
“We like to know what the purpose of the loan is;”
Brodie said. “Some people think it's a nosy question, but the
fact is that some reasons hold more water than others.

years.

or two.

too far this time.

smoke?”

Reiger has smoked for 50 years. Now, even before
the city bylaw comes into effect, he closes his shop and
smokes in the washroom when getting the urge for a puff

Bruce Clarkson, 58, a smoker since age 7 and a
customer at the Imperial Pub, said politicians have gone

It's ridiculous going after us,” he said. “Why don't
they go after those factories that pollute, not people who

Team to study
heavy smokers

HAMILTON (CP) — A
team of Ontario researchers
will take part in a North
American campaign to help
heavy smokers butt out

The U.S. National Cancer
Institute will spend over $30
million US over the next 81
years studying eight com
munities across the contin
ent, one in Ontario, in a
program aimed at those who
smoke more than 25 cig
arettes a day

The American government
agency has awarded a team
of 14 researchers from the
University of Waterloo, Me-
Master University in Hamil.
ton and the province's pri
vate sector about $2.9 million
US to conduct one six-year
study of smokers in a com
munity of between 50,000
and 150,000 people. Waterloo
will administer the award

Over six years, smokers in
targeted communities, un
aware they are being stud
ied, will be bombarded with
anti-smoking information
through mass media cam
paigns to chats with family
doctors, with schools
churches, medical groups and
civic organizations leading
the bandwagon

The cancer institute is

looking for ways to wipe out
smoking, especially among

heavy smokers, on a long.

term basis.

“These strategies must be

practical so that they can be
implemented on a wide-scale
basis,” Alice Hamm, an insti
tute official, said last week
“We're not interested in
custom-built programs.”

Researchers from 10 in
stitutions hope to determine
whether this type of wide
spread program can result in
more heavy smokers quitting
than in a control community
the same size but not subject
to the campaign, said Hamm

The research should also
show whether this approach
can persuade light and mod
erate smokers to quit, and
lower the prevalence of
smoking generally

The program is to be
conducted in three stages
with funding contingent on
the success of each. The
planning stage will take one
year at a cost of $800,000 US,
of which Waterloo has been
granted $45,000 US for the
first year. Once the ground
work is laid, the six-year
study will proceed, with
evaluation of the project ex
pected to take 18 months.

MLA.

Government MLA.

IMPORTANT NOTICE
TO ELECTORS

We are pleased to have been of help to many individuals
and groups over the past years in the absence of an effective

Imagine how much more can be done by a hard-working

MAKE YOUR VOTE COUNT!

pr 4
“For example, if you come off as an arrogant, pompous
s.0.b. then it's going to be much harder (for the bank) to be
objective,” Brodie said.

There are times when shopping around for a loan can

ARKANSAS RETAILER
RICHEST MAN IN U.S.

NEW YORK (AP) —
The annual Forbes mag:
azine list of the wealthiest
people in the United States
is topped by an Arkansas
retailer who is proof that
the rich often do get richer

Sam Walton, 68, founder
of the Wal-Mart discount
stores, has more money
than any other American,
said the annual Forbes 400.
His $4.5 billion is imp
ressive. Last year, when
he also topped the list, he
had a paltry $2.8 billion.

He's not alone. There
were 25 other billionaires,
up from 14 last year

The list, which will ap
pear in the Oct. 27 issue of
Forbes, also includes some
famous newcomers includ
ing Merv Griffin, Dick
Clark and Ralph Lauren.

Two men tied as the

second-richest individuals
in the United States. Both
John Kluge of Charlottes.
ville, Va. and H. Ross
Perot of Dallas are worth
$2.5 billion, said the magazi
zine. Kluge sold his Metro-
media assets to jump from
10th place, while Perot,
who sold his holdings in
Electronic Data Systems
to General Motors in 1984,
was runner-up last year.
Griffin, a television prod
ucer and former talk show
Merv Griffin was
$235 million.
also a television
producer and host of
American Bandstand, is
worth $180 million. Lauren
was listed at $300 million
The list included tele
vision producers Aaron
Spelling at $235 million and
Mark Goodson at $300

Brodie doubted there would ever be much difference
between rates — usually not more than one-quarter or
one-half of a percentage point.

“That isn't very much over the course of a loan,” he said.

For example a $10,000 loan to be repaid in five years
will cost $220.99 a month at 12 per cent, $223.39 a month at
12.5 per cent and $225.81 at 13 per cent. The total cost
difference over the life of the loan between the 12-per-cent
rate and the 13-per-cent rate is $289.20.

Grain
shipments

increase

VANCOUVER (CP) —
Grain is moving through
Vancouver substantially
ahead of last year’s pace &
week after the 22-day West
Coast port lockout was lifted.

“The elevators were all full
when we went into the
lockout and we have plenty of
ships to take the grain,” said
Bill Hopkins, Vancouver dir-
ector of the Western Grain
Transportation Authority.

This year, the monthly
totals are expected to be
about 1.2 million tonnes.

million. Motown Records’
Berry Gordy, the second
black to make the list, is
worth $180 million.

Among the new billion-
aires on the list are Barb-
ara Cox Anthony and Anne
Cox Chambers, whose
empire includes the Cox
Enterprises group of news.
papers and broadcast stat
ions, and even extends to
the TV program, Lifestyles
of the Rich and Famous.

Walton's fortune grew
60 per cent from last year's
estimate of $2.8 billion.
thanks primarily to the
increased value of his stock
holdings in Wal-Mart, the
magazine said. He opened
his first Wal-Mart discount
store in 1962 and today has
more than 950 stores,
mostly in small towns.

Ottawa paid $25 billion
to regulate oil prices

OTTAWA (CP) The
federal government paid out
more than $25 billion over 11
years under programs to
support regulated crude oil
prices, a new report shows.

Much of the money was
recovered through a petro-
leum compensation charge,
instituted in 1980 to offset
the cost of those programs,

into effect as early as 1984,
to insulate the Canadian
economy from what
then wildly escalating world
prices.

The 1985-86 annual report
on compensation programs
says about two-thirds of total
expenditures over the 11
year period went to import

were

ers of foreign crude. |
The new oil reference price
program cost $470.4 million

in 1985-86. Started in 1982,

Remember these i
before you go to

Bring 4

this card.

Ministry
to plant
trees?

Maria Crossley ‘a

Art Show

You are invited to view the work of

Maria Crossley
Thursday Night — October 23

7:00 p.m. at

A Taste of Art

1129 - 3rd Street, Castlegar * 365-2727

e polls.

How to vote.

the program subsidized prod
ucers of high-cost new and
synthetic oil and brought
those prices into line with
world prices for conventional
oil.

specific costs d with
subsidies on oil imports

Since oil prices were de
regulated June 1, 1985, con
sumers paid more in recov
ery charges during the last
fiseal year than Ottawa paid
out, but the recovery account
still had a deficit of $1.1
billion.

The expenditures were
made under various pro
grams, some of which went

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|

Candidate | X |

Selected

Fall Fashions

Now .

This tells you exactDy
where to vote. This card
will make the voting
process quicker.

Election Day.

October 22, 1986.

Voting Hours.

8a.m.to8 p.m.
Pacific Time

Once you are in a polling

booth you must remember
two things
e Mark only for the candidate

of your choice

¢ Mark the ballot with an X

Voting if

youre not

'
registered.
If you are not registered to
vote you still may apply by
olling Place
going to your Polling Place
with two pieces of proper
identification and register to

vote there. Officials at the
polls will assist you

Or phone toll free 1-800-742-VOTE

506:
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Castieaird Plaza * 365-2663

ELECT AUDREY MOORE

to keep our needs before
Premier Vander Zalm and Victoria. Chief Electoral Office
Province of

British Columbia

Chief Electoral Office
Province of
British Columbia

Mik Mi

ie Thank you

Executive and Directors, Rossland-Trail Socreds

—

ST oe an