PAGE EIGHTEEN

THE CRLGAR STORY

_ the Kootenay District of British

Columbia, ‘of which the Arrow’

Lakes form the western’ portion,
came fromthe East.through the
" passes of ‘the ‘Rocky Mountains,
* The series of events ‘which fol-
Jowed' the arrival’ of, the. first

posite ways... *..
“The Kootenay District is brok-
ent By three ‘major valley. . sys-

tems’ which run ‘generally in a -

north-south "direction. Each is.
‘according. to’ the. zane
- oF*:mountains to. its east, and

"the | Rocky Mountain
which’ bears ‘the headwaters of

ay Lake. and, the: Sel-™

aring Ceeters

: : family units. and. a ter-d
: white’ man influenced* each of °° pect n inter
the areas in different or'even op-. '

ly from each other in ‘charac.
ter and living habits.

. The heavily wooded land north

‘ ‘of where Golden ‘is now. situated
- was the home: of the: northern,

tribe. Here survival.depended on
-hunting and fishing, and the. ri-
gours of the land created sone

This first scene in -the’: his-

tory of: the. Kootenays‘ ended |
in 1807. when David Thompson i

‘the of
the Rockies and introduced the '
fur trade to the friendly ‘Koote-
nays who soon became armed
and able to id ‘th 3

ken that a.rich new placer-gold’-:
field had: been discovered in.the

Big Bend country north of Revel-

stoke. Although the bubble burst °

in ‘less than two years, : in’ this
time.'a. temporary. steamer. ser-
vice had been established ‘up -the

dent : community.

cial and. economic.life of this
northern tribe’ centred onthe bi-

._son. hunt which, three times. an-.
. nually, involved a’ trip: through

e'. mountains to ‘the. buffalo

“herds: of the’ prairies, : through
unfriendly Blackfoot
“This. sort of life molded a brave,
= Strong race of hunters and war-
-“yiors with high :moral standards.

territory.”

The southern tribe, on the’ oth-

: ‘er hand, lived in a\ land’ of, rea-
! ‘sonable ‘abundance, ‘where it was -

ible to snare birds, pick’ ber-

* Tories ‘and’ trap: ‘fish ‘in: quantity

- for communal drying. Living
here‘. was >more ‘communal ‘ and

‘Jess migr: ~ Due, to the free
time: ‘provided ‘by the: less: “de- :

envi

= -was-reported ‘to be. more preva-
lent" and: the! moral: ‘code not so °

«. Strict as -with: the northern

+ tribes:

«These British Columbians were

‘certainly, Products of. their'“en-.

-; vironments.

will benefit fom! your -being here.” 4
“¥ Celgar has: “completed: the: first pulp, mill in ©].
this vast province:-It is'a first.that ©

2 tremendous. impact throughout 3

terior

|, It brings to., he industrial Kootenays anew >
and aepandine industry
ae expansion ‘of the:

_gar Supplement."

‘We're glad to melons you. a ene Kootenays

Neighbor

‘NELSON DAILY NEWS. |
TRAIL DAILY TIMES .

ap

t:-will certainly cause -
ea’s: industrial ‘com: :

i Because. the land ‘would ‘not’
‘support ’ all: their:needs, the* so-

the. Blackfoot

A ‘race developed ‘between thie
North: West: Company,. for. whom °

‘Thompson: worked,.and ‘the: Am-
ericans,, for: possession of. the -

Columbia *River ‘at ‘its mouth,
Thompson, sets out: by :land® ‘and
canoe to: run: the: Columbia: while
the ‘Americans were sailing: ar-
ound “the Horn. » The: hardships

.of the ‘Big, Bend © caused : some:
‘of his men ‘to’ desert'-and.. the

others". fefused to: “proceed.
through the wild, ‘unknown. coun-
try,..forcing Thompson to: return’

. for-a ‘new-party.-and to proceed .

down the Kootenay River; across:

’ the Pend ‘d’Oreille near. Spokane

-and down the Columbia by canoe

_ from’) Kettle Falls

On “arrival at “ocean ‘in

1811; Thompson: found: the: Amer-".
_ dean ‘Fort ‘Astoria ‘already. await-

ing him. Although > the environ-

‘ment’of the upper ‘Columbia Val-

ley forced ‘Thompson: to lose:'the

“race, ‘he “returned ‘up’. the’; Col:
-umbia to: its’source, thus conven-

iently. completing. for us the'story
‘discovery : “Of the: Arrow.

Alle inthe Arcon

Lakes -was: of: a. migratory’ na-
ture.:‘The lands ‘were’ used’ :by

ing‘ up.'the Columbia,
across: from the: Kootenays.’and .-

. across from: the, Okanagan: for *

seasonal grazing and “hunting.
Althaygh . the. fur: trade--dis-"
coveréd ‘the : JCostenays; . Was ©

Columbia, : through: the’ A'r.r o'w.’
Lakes and. a pack’ trail had ‘been

“-¢leared. across ‘the “Gold Range
from: the northern’ end of Shus- :°

-- wap 'Lake,- again in ‘an. effort to
cut’ the natural’ trade routes to’
the U.S.’ and gain the commerce
for Canada. :

Although ! placer mining. con-.
‘tinued on’-a ‘reduced: :scale. ‘in |

various locations, the’ early fe-:
“ver. and: exciternent disappeared.

rush,
The ‘next’ era: ‘of development:

“\eame with the building of. the:

CPR. throiigh Revelstoke: and
Golden.’ Construction: of the’ first’,
‘Trans-Canada’ rail slink ‘created :

a’ néed : for: construction: mater-":

jal and ties; sawmills s pre ad
through: the timbered lands with-
in’ profitable:.reach of the rail |
line. .The first lumbermen were
the .contractors ‘for: bridges -and

. structures; their ‘first mills were
“small: and portable because they
had :to set: up, ‘in : ‘advance: of ‘the :

track: ‘laying.
Following constriction ‘ot. the’
{ railway, the: booming’ prairie, set-

tlement:: created ‘an':overwhelm: ~

‘ing demand: for lumber. products!

\ for. this * almost - treeless © -region

‘and | creates Tish: sawmilling

activity: 4in‘this. part‘of B:C.:
Other | lines‘ ‘of.’ communication

>. followed ‘rapidly. The’ old ‘packer:

who'“had « stimbled: over. roots’
and: ‘stones * could: now. ride: wa.

:tle'= of : the “locomotive «.and ., the -
“shrill blast. of the: ste

Today’ Ss Lumbermen Plan ‘head

Discovery and development ‘of

The maturing: of:the mining in-
dustry . andthe. lexpansion’, of
transportation .: systems’. brought

with ‘them: the parallel: need: for
lumber, ties.and mining: timbers, il

This, ‘together with ‘the : pratri
demand, -ereated a sawmill em-
pire in’ -the.’/Arrowhead-Revel-

 stoke-Big Bend area worth .in
: excess’ of three ‘million dollars,
‘with!.oxen: driven ‘railways and

Jow sluices. It was the centre of

lumber Production: jin _thé Pro",
, vince.

- Many’ ‘of. these sawmill oper-

ators were the same ‘‘cut. and -

get out’? men ‘who had romped
through Idaho, Montana and oth-

ie te
with the collapse: of the Big Bend | pet Umbered. states, eying asle

tothe beautiful . ‘natural stands

-then existing in that, area. Sud-

denly .they recognized: newer and

+ still’ greener fields‘ in B.C.’ Some
-) eame.-to’ the. coast, ‘but many
turned. to’ the’ East Kootenays
‘to’ take advantage. of. the prairie
-demand..” They ripped. through
. the timber . stands in’ Iéss than »..-
“15: years, leaving ‘a trail. of rot-

ting. ghost towns in’ their, wake.
"In :1898' the Klondike Rush was

echoed. through the'land and’ the -

Kootenay: mining bubble ag ain
burst. It was’ evident. that’ the
proven-lode mines:needed heavy

‘capital investment: to' meet per- .
‘ iods’of low metal. prices, to mine

large volumes of.medium grade

“cere and:to- refine and extrgct the’
“metals. for market. :

NEW: ERA . : eae
This eventually lea to a new

~~” era of stable communities and

long-term : development, based

on large investment in mining

and smelting plants,

‘S “(Continued , on: Page Nineteen)
were © :.

common in the Sistaiet

the ‘trapper and priest. The’ Ore-/

.gon Treaty: of (1846. had; set. the

areas. “wild: ‘Horse River ‘became ©

the. centre of the general ‘gold:
,Tush' hysteria’ in: the

‘inancial  stress:° ‘The
; ‘this time: based: on
“brought : prospési

in the early “1
GOLD: ‘RUSH "=: : os

The. gold rush drew. settlers:
‘northward: via the easy access
.routes, from: the,, U.S.A. : The
pick-and-pan man was an_ad-
-venturous breed who feared lit-
“tle “and, Jured: by . visions ‘of ’
: ‘great: riches, © “pushed onward
into’ lands where no white
man had been. Restless by na-

+

:Ttuxe,' he ‘required: the opening .

of supply lines and ‘transporta-'

+ tion, bat ‘little:in the‘ way ‘of >.

permanent: settlements. .-

In order “to “protect” Canadian "|

interest, the British . Columbia

5 government: completed, the Dew-" -°
= dney ‘Trail from: Hope across ‘se- >
..” veral :mountain ranges . to Wild

Horse River in 1865.
= However, in 1864 news had bro-

ors, ‘miners,: saloon keepers and’

gamblers ; from‘ ‘Spokane* to the -

new, mecca of easy. money.

“The’ continued discovery’ of -

high grade: mineral: deposits: —
chiefly silver, lead and-zine, but.

including copper, gold and coal} ‘.”’

< brought about . the development.

+ Of ‘some 19 smelters, of, which”.

now only. C.M. : and Ss. at Trail:
remains. ¢

The CPR: expanded its facili: :

* ties and bought. out: some .of: the
: American: ‘Tines,: thus. driving out
* all ofits competitors. BS

Congratulations

ELGAR

LIM ITED

NOW... ‘e e ~~
Major Industry.
"Gn 'the *

“ KOOTENAYS

: TI “DEN

RENT-A-CAR
“Mr. M. MacLean
“Nelson-2039

Castlegar pee Ue 5700”

: ommnteenunn

WE SALUTE.

~ CELGAR

: on. THE COMPLETION ‘OF THIS MAJOR
; ANDUSTRY: IN THE. KOOTENAYS.

ot was our pleasure to have supplied Inter-

2 LIMITED,

ee

NOPD TED SoA Bile POSTER EC fee

on

Saas

“companies, ~

: prospered, temporarily,

1 ait cee eS

: PAGE NINE

~ Celgar Aids Local Tadusiries”

“(Continued from Page Eighteen):

By, 1913 the. prairie: lumber ‘de- ;
mand was.declining rapidly, with
drastic consequences to the in-
terior. sawmilling ‘industry. Al-
ready heavily overcut in the
choice” accessible..timber. areas,
it ‘could’ not .compete with’ the
coast for the ‘domestic or export ;:

{ markets, Spon: only..a few, well-

situated mills remained:and the

‘Kootenays ,became dotted -with
‘ghost towns.'of the early mining

and sawmilling eras.

The remaining communities { ine ©:
duced’ ‘people to turn to ‘agricul-

tural’: ’ possibilities ‘offered by

“sortie of’ the’: ich bottom lands

of the  Koot

rivers. Several: "agricultural sch:

emes ‘were’ promoted ‘by: land
inducing dairying
and “fruit - raising, some ‘unfor-
tunately fraudulent. It was. about
this time’ ‘too, “that the Doukho-

!, bors::came™ into: the ‘Slocan Val-'
- Jey, Nelson and Castlegar. areas.

Though ‘some of: the. farms:
inade-

quate-irrigation, poor crop selec-

+ ‘tion, fruit” crop: disease and ' dif-’

ficulties.in marketing their :pro- °
ducts gradually; brought : about
much‘ land’abandonment or ‘part.
time. farming operations. © ne
The: decline::of . the’. jnining ©
booms, the removal of the more |

the population of the’ Kootenay ©

areas.

The last World: ‘War revived

“the: demiand ‘for. products ‘of the:
e forests, . mines and:smelters. and.
i mew. life’-to many of the

: Congratulations :

_CELGAR

LIMITED

Biterane tion by :

WF ARM MACHINE
» WORKS LTD. Ee

Main S
“vaNCOUVER, BC. es

"2186 MAIN ST. :

Light. ‘Steel Construc-

struggling aipanied engaged in
these’ industries.
Since the’ war . improved . ac-

“goss has opened up’ the beauty |

of the\country to more and more,
tourists, hunters ‘and fishermen,

"All of * these’ things: have’ con-

: ‘and  maarksting for the sm a 11
sawmill and dictated selective
logging, resulting. in a; general
‘deterioration ofthe forest and
‘a: Jow.-standard: of. utllization.
Vast stands of overmature tim-
ber remained and became un-

itable | for.

“tinued to. sustain the
through. to :the. present ‘time.

: ARROW LAKES: ae

Now : to. focus. our. attention
onthe Arrow, Lakes ‘region It-'
self. It has: been seen: that ‘i¢
- has been on the fringe of every:
_ big development,-It was on the. .
edge of the Hudson’s Bay fur

trading exploits;; the. two ‘big;
' prospecting rushes were to the
‘East and'to the North;’ and the
G.M, and. S, sthelter at Trail
" fust‘to ‘the south. “At best. the .
Arrow ‘Lakes served: as a tran-
‘sportation route until the Big
Bend: rush collapsed. :

At.the. time: of Celgar's Sree
irito the ' Arrow. Lakes ‘in

the* forest: lands ‘of the: area, ©

‘were é supporting a none too } pane

" perous sawmilling ‘industry, with

a total cut ‘of’ only 30 "million
board: feet: per year, a very

“small percentage, of the provin- «

“cial total.
“As vit: is ‘known,’ ‘this “has not

“always. been. :so.:. At’ one: time,

oe accessible. timber,.the forest: >
'.: firé losses and a lagging interest
. in farming, : combined to. reduce

>

the Arrow Lakes was’ at the: fore-"
ince’s . aS

front. of. the “pr

ould. be solved and‘a‘step
op mpi of e ‘log production ‘of ‘this '
: area: to its ; full’ sistained ‘yield
‘| ¢apacity could be - attained.
‘Why. then; ‘had-not a pulp-mill
~ been built? Once ‘again access to

“Markets ‘and’ -the’ necessity.’ for -
heavy ‘capital outlays: had®con-
tinued ‘to “influence ‘and retard: >

the? utilization’: of: the resources
of the Arrow ae
jon“ o!

A si
kraft pulp. and high grade lum.’

‘ber’ production: was ‘chosen ' by

- Celgar. ‘only :after. giving. consid.’

‘eration’ to the complete range. of .

. combination. ‘It: provides for :the -

profitable: ‘utilization: of ° all’ the «

_ species’ and < qualities" of wood.
found: in the timber’ resources:
of the Arrow Lakes area. It-can “:
be. expanded.:in ‘both: pulp, and. °
lumber; ‘it-can also be: integrat-
ed with plywood, fibreboard, par-: ~
ticle board or .any: other forest |
Product. of ‘more sselective. “wood * i

production.” “Why. then “was this .
area going backwards ‘during a’
- period when ‘the :forest. industry: ~
‘of ‘the province.as..a\ whole had '-
~ been..going, forward ‘ata: very.
rapid rate? ‘

This ‘situation was. caused: by:

many things, .but the fundamen-~
. tal: reason. was - the character: ‘of

_ the timber.

The ‘forest stands of this re
° gion, like: all’. the. commercial:

forests of the northwest, are very.

largely: ‘composed’ of conlferous -

species. However, »: they’

from: the « more. widely. Enewn
. goast forests, in that’ a greater
variety ‘of spécies. exists" in’ Me

nificant... quantities.,.. On:: top, of.

this the :moré : accessible areas
had ‘been selectively logged, with

the. white pine ‘and, Douglas. fir:
“taken ‘for conversion ‘to: lumber... :

and ‘the’ cedar vhigheraded, for
“poles. :

‘A large “proportion of the. Te.

‘maining ‘timber was. heavy.” to

+ (over-mature hemlock and cedar
and as time went*on this process.
of selecting’ the best ‘aveas ‘and’

eonditions so. justify. -

“” During« the, 1950's “pulp ‘mar.
kets were: changing dramatically.
‘There ‘was every: indication. tha

.. the “kraft ‘pulp ‘market would:
‘again come: into ‘balance :in‘ the:
early sixties, | arid the’ most’ ex-*

“panding market ' area’ was. the

lon? a
“TREE FARM LICENCE

"Ish, aimajor “forest products |

» Andustry, in: this.area was) ah
assured.

source. of raw. mater-

” supply. was

“the. issuance ‘of Tree Farm Li- ©:

“gence: No, 23 “The. Celgar .op-

“wide reputation...“
: Each acre of ‘productive forest

“by-products: from ‘the sawmills,

high’ grading thes tands b

more). difficult,.: saa ‘headed; for

economic failure. : . ;
Nine. coniferous species caus-

ed: in.

more. -hours are: provided in
* the ‘mills, for’ the: ‘same’ volume

of; logs: anda: higher.’ total ‘-vol-" :
sume : of products and.” utilization He
gg )

hia KBr :

" Wetablished: te “not

‘OUR COMPLIMENTS

~ CHARLES pau COMPANY (Canada) WD.

“White ; Printing ‘Equipment: :
Engineering and Drafting. Supplies

oN ‘THE FIRST MAJOR INDUS RY
2 OF ITs KIND IN THE KOOTENAYS.

= VANCOUVER, B. C.-

4

: nly

ne ‘acquire an ‘improved ‘market, but
‘ of fap: greater: im portance, : an g
outlet obtained for'logs -previous-
“Jy left in! the woods. AIndepend-

“ent: contractors ‘will, and“ ar.e
and-'sub-

phases. of
harvesting ‘the timber from: the

“Heénce.’area;* sawmills’ obtain’ a‘ :
_ Dotsatial chip outlet and farmers’

have *' the’ Soportunity of
- Jnaintaining. wood lots.:'Ai- this

: Jeads to steadier, year-rotind pay-' |
rolls and.\a:more ‘stable econo-~

~“mie climate.’
“A! pulp “mill by its nature; re-

~ quires “and: ‘attracts employees

with: higher ‘skills, ; who,“on the

J average, earn chetter.: pay. .‘and.®

--dbring (higher ‘living standards’ 'to
. the ‘areay’.The 'Breat amount. of

@ :type
British ‘Columbian win is Rieke
\ trained .in: engineering, chemis

Ble Wig s

‘forest. products. :This is a basic..-:

North American one and its most. “|
the | mid-¥ Rad aoe

“All that “remained to’ estab- :

eration now is gaining a world- :

Yand mow produces more market-
able.wood ‘and. thus more: man- .
-hotirs ‘of work. Because of: inte-
‘grated utilization. and the use ‘of:

tates in siguitteant quhnts-

' ties. The major chemical ‘re-
: quirements’ are acquired from

the. Tra
away::

area, ‘twenty, miles

to’ ‘supply. the: mill. :

It. would only. be’ ‘through ‘pulp ..| Every ‘effort is made . to en-

manufacture that these. prob - ‘courage’ local: merchants, to: be-.’

come competitive: and to ‘share

‘in the annual’ operating purchas-

es. of some seven ‘million’ dollars,

: exclusive “of .wood requirenients.
Permanent: industries ‘such;.as"
these’ bring :.with: ‘them socialo- _
: gical’ changes’ to, those , people’, .
“who are engaged “in: them’. and.
the: ‘communities in which" they)
“sive. (Steady ‘payrolls, health and
sgl ‘plans’ and anionic, Pro-”

LM. and ’S.: has ‘ball¢; '
‘a Chlorine ‘and’ / Caustle ‘Plant.

in the earlier years of the Roate-
nays.

The future, of course, is un
limited. As man continues - to”
bend his environment to: his
needs, harnessing ' and - storing ‘

Columbia River power and open-

ing up better ‘Trans-Canada’ and
Provincial routes, the 'Kootenays

‘today. is on’ the ‘threshold: ;
‘of even greater prosperity than.

was predicted. by “the bubbling
optimists. among the: early ‘Pion

‘eers.

The first fur traders,. prospec: 2
tors, miners, - loggers, settlers:

and farmers, endured | stagger-

‘ing hardships but paved the way.
for their successive generations °

VERY, FINE on goer GNFRIBUTION :
; _ ECONOMY or "THE KOOTENAYS |

@ Fi restone oe co
Vv Ican zing, "Recapping

“It. was.our pleasure, to
have supplied: repair: ‘parts-:
_ during. the period of; ‘con-.

_ Struction. - an

: try; forestry and - in: industrial ®..:’
skills.” We: wants ‘and can: afford
‘ good‘housing — he adds cultural:
~.and’ economic -stability:and ‘usu-;

_ Conte iT : a ‘ally. contributes’ to the general
bad Tiuek & B.C; DISTRIBUTORS FOR _ ‘stimulation of the cuonieaanty in

ete : 4 ‘ : “GM, DIESEL POWER.UNITS. °.- | “Which he résides. |

f Booth ‘ i : We ; ; 2 :
: | |\ as ae ; - DIETRICH: -COLLINS EQUIPMENT i. ~ FEEL EFFECTS :
Brahe te Sonee ae}  iiaae Ft: of Codar St... NELSON, B.C. ee feel ne: |

eal power and natural gas. are

tA STEP. FORWARD IN THE PROGRESS: OF MAJOR -

USTRY IN THE ‘KOOTEN AYS” national Trucks, Crawler Tractors and: Drott.

* “Log Loaders.

It ‘was our: pleasure to: be the. Sieppllars
of tug and ‘barge _ rentals uring. the.
jeonsteuction, period. "

© 2202,

702 Front ‘St. | Phone 1810
“NELSON, B.C.

638 Baker St. Phone Past :

4