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uo __ Castlegar News _ \orch3. 985

SPIRIT OF CO-OPERATION

True test on Monday

By PAUL LOONG

VICTORIA (CP) — The “Spirit of Co-operation” is being
chanted like a prayer, but no one yet knows if it will tame
the traditional rowdiness of the British Columbia legislature.

The real test, some members believe, will come in the
new session starting Monday.

Opposition Leader Bob Skelly was first to preach
co-operation last fall’ After initial skepticism, Premier Bill
Bennett also started talking about it.

Both leaders obviously grasped public disenchantment
with house proceedings — often marked by wild rhetoric and
name-calling. They see the need to improve the image and
respectability of the :

‘The 10-day sitting in mid-February started off amicably.
Bennett welcomed two newly-elected members of Skelly's
New Democratic Party and said he looked forward to their
contribution “in this new era 6f co-operation.”

One of the newcomers won a byelection seat held by
Bennett's Social Credit party.

During the session, the two. parties maintained a
semblance of order in daily business so that members knew
— most of the time — what to expect.They knew when the
day's sitting would end and what bills were likely to be
debated.

Some co-operation also was evident on a personal level.
Education Minister Jack Heinrich planned to start debate on
school legislation one afternoon but Mark Rose, the NDP
education critie, had a previous engagement. The two talked
about it in the corridor and the bill was not debated until the
next day.

“The spirit of co-operation really works,” Heinrich said
later, a comment that’s been echoed by other cabinet
ministers.

But the Opposition is not so sure.

Rose praised Heinrich for being courteous and accom-
modating, but added: “He's usually pretty good about that,
eve before all this co-operation stuffs even started.”

However, Rose said the mood of the session was “much
better than it was before, although we haven't entered the
real controversial stuff yet.”

BILL BENNETT
+. new image

BOB SKELLY
+++ Net submission

Hanson denounced the bill, and when government
members laughed, he said: “They laugh and grunt away
there. Morons!”

Heinrich said later he was stung by the attack.

TAUNT EACH OTHER

Still, there were fewer such instances than in recent
years, when the two sides constantly taunted-each other
with such remarks, as “fascists,” “dictators,” and “pinkos.”

But for Graham Lea, the lone member of the
newly-formed United Party, nothing has changed. He said
the legislature has gone 10 days without a big uproar before,
and the relative calm of the last session means nothing.

Lea said the real test will come during debate on the
coming budget and spending estimates, when there're
usually plenty of heated exchanges.

He also said Skelly is caught in a bind because NDP talk
about co-operation has given the public the idea that there
would be no debate. On the other hand, the NDP risks being
seen as ‘ing the spirit of every time it
opposes a government bill.

Even so, there were some sharp exchanges.

Provincial Secretary Jim Chabot attacked the Opposi-
tion during debate, saying, “I've never witnessed so much
indulging in cheap polities as I've heard across the floor in
the five hours we've been debating this bill.”

The NDP’s Gary Lauk rebutted interjections from
Garde Gardom with sarcasm: “No, you don't understand the

issue and that's why you're still i

Skelly
submission,” he said.

disagreed. “Co-operation does not mean

Skelly said Bennett has embraced the rhetoric of
co-operation, but the substance has yet to come.
The NDP has decided “to reduce those kind of personal

attacks and mud-slinging in the legislature,” Skelly said.
the

those

relations

minister. I'll speak slowly; follow my lips.”
Gordon Hanson (NDP-Victoria) unleashed a personal
attack on Heinrich during debate on the education bill.
“I don't know how that minister can sit in this House
and funetion. He's never been particuarly strong. In fact,

he’s been very, very weak.”

TORONTO (CP) — The
killed
airline
flight have improved in the

ted in a recent issue that a
fatal accident could be ex-
pected once in every 344,000
Canadian passenger plane
flights. .

o

ranked only 11th among 18
countries surveyed in terms
of fatal events per one million
flights.

The magazine placed Can-
ada eighth in what it des-
cribed as a “subjective” rank-
ing that includes factors such
as traffic volume.

moved up to eighth place —
perhaps as a result of the
1981 government safety in-
quiry which was prompted

That was an imp
from the odds of one in every
248,000 flights recorded from
1962 to 1972,
However,

Canada still

Verigin
to lobby
at UN

By CasNews Staff

John J. Verigin Jr. of the
Union of Spiritual Commun-
ities of Christ will lobby at
the United Nations for spon-
sorhsip of the World Ref.
erendum on Disarmament.

The announcement was
made by James Stark, pres-
idsent of Operation Disman
tle in Ottawa.

“This effort is part of a
campaign carried on by Oper.
ation Dismantle’s Interna-
tional Branch over the past
several years,” the USCC
said in a prepared release.

The release also announced
that John J. Verigin Sr.,
honorary chairman of the
USCC, has donated $10,000
to Operation Dismantle on
behalf of the USCC to help
offset the cost of the organ
ization’s peace initiative.

ACTIVITY
PROGRAM
FOR 3-5
YEAR OLDS

Early Childhood Education
dents will be offering on

activity program for 3 - 5 yeor

olds from March 25 to April 29

mM mornings

o.m. at the Selkirk College

Castlegar Campus. No charge.

Phone Madelyn Brown

m, Wed.
Ss 8:30 to 12 noon. First
come levt corve bane,

by (the 's) 1979 an-
alysis,” the article said. “Can-
ada is still below average
when measured by number of
crashes.”

The magazine defined a fa-
tal event as an incident in-
volving one or more deaths in
aireraft with 30 or more
seats. Deaths caused by tur-
bulence or in hijacking were
included.

The survey suggested that
Australia was the safest
country in which to book a
flight, with only 0.3 fatal
events per one million flights.

The Scandinavian count-
ries were next at 0.4, fol-
lowed by Japan at 0.6 and the
U.S. at 1.1.

Canada averaged 2.9 fatal
events per one million flights

fairly
overnight.

Skelly said the B.C. house has historically been “a
boisterous legislature; it’s not going to be changed

“It's just going to require the efforts of a lot of people in
the legislature over a long term.”

Safety record below average

from 1973 to 1983. That was
worse than the average of 1.8
but better than the previous
10-year period, when the
figure was 4.0.

Of the 14 fatal events listed
for Canada since 1973, six in-
volved aging DC-3 aircraft.

Canada ranked well ahead
of Egypt, which had 13.4 fatal
events per million flights.
Turkey at 17.3 and Colombia,
which at 27.4 had the worst
record of countries surveyed.

Ken Johnson, executive
director of the Canadian Saf-
ety Board, said he had or-

dered an analysis of the sur-
vey.

“I have just received the
magazine so I can't. really
comment on the report,”
Johnson said. “However, in a
country like Canada, which is
known for its bad weather
and where there are a lot of
very remote air strips, it is
not surprising that some of
our numbers are higher.

“There are a lot of old
planes operating here too,
and how can you compare a
piston-driven plane like the
DC-8 with a modern jet?”

Group becomes
incorporated

By CasNews Staff

The Slocan Valley Resid-
dents Alliance is no longer an
anti-Slocan Valley Plan lobby
group in name only.

The group recently became
incorporated under the Soci-
eties Act, according to a
news release.

The move was “necessary
to serve the membership ef-
fectively” and the group will

“be firming up structure and
policy prior to calling an
annual general meeting.”
The residents’ alliance says
it views the Slocan Valley
plan “as a regional-;
bureaucratic effort to create
more government, and a doc-
ument which can only result
in unjustified infringement
on property rights and the
local resource economy.”

Revenue Canada
Taxation

Revenue Canada
Impét

Income tax advice, publications, forms will be
available from our special local tax information
centre at

STUDIO 2

COMINCO ARENA

TRAIL

Statted by officers of the Department of
National Revenue, this centre will be open
Tuesday, March 5 through Thursday from 9

a.m. to 5 p.m.

Canada

‘It's fun’ says
snow sculptor

WINNIPEG (CP) — Snow

winter many C:

like hell the way you do with
other materials.”

Berard got his start at the |

annual ’ festival in

that hard to believe, but Real
Berard says it is the perfect

been proving the truth of
that statement with award-
-winning snow sculptures for
more than 20 years.

“It’s fun,” says Berard.

Visitors to winter carnivals
in Quebec and Ottawa as well
as Manitoba have had a
chance to glimpse his work,
which is a far ery from the
kind of snow sculptures pro-
duced by energetic college
students or other less-tal-
ented amateurs,

His Four Winds, for exam-
ple, displayed at Ottawa's
Winterlude festival, was a
soaring six-metre tall ab-
stract work he says he
whipped up in less than 48
hours using his blueprints, a
seale model and the help of
some friends.

“Snow is so easy to work
with,” says the slightly shy
artist who lives in St. Boni-
face, once a separate city but
now a district of Winnipeg
still dominated by its French-
Canadian roots.

“You don’t have to fight

The Pas, Man., in the
1960s and since practic:
taken his snow sculptures all
over Canada and Europe. *

Three years ago he was
part of a three-man team that
won the national snow-
sculpting contest at the Que-
bee Winter Carnival. A year
later they earned the runner-
up spot at a similar contest in
Italy.

The fact that his work will
not last for an eternity, or
even a year, is no problem for
Berard.

“By the time spring comes,
I'm damn glad to see the
snow go anyhow,” he says.

But the arrival of warm
weather a little earlier than
expected can be a big prob-
lem for the snow sculptor.

At the annual Festival du
Voyageur held each Febru-
ary in St. Boniface, warm
weather has a habit of
causing: problems for the
snow and ice sculptures.

Berard says the term used
to describe the soggy look
sculpture takes on is “erying”
and when the best snow isn’t
used the salts and other im-
purities also can give the
work on a “skin problem.”

Slocan auxiliary
to buy monitor

The South Slocan Chapter
of the Kootenay Lake Dis-

reaction of the heart while a
patient conducts his or her
daily routine at home.

In January, members met
at Mary Axworthy’s home
where they assembled toy
Easter bunnies and various
other stuffed toys.

Order souvenir copies
of the large, annual...

Send to friends,
relatives and business contacts

Bobby Mackay, president
of the auxiliary, presented a
stuffed toy elephant to the
first baby born in 1985 at the
Nelson hospital.

Members are busy collect-
ing recipes for a 1985 Christ-
mas recipe book and have
decided to reprint copies of
two former recipe

The next meeting will be

held March 7 at the home of
Bobby Mackay.

.’s Insulation Services
CONTINUES

4 Hour Cash Card From Kootenay Savings cre union

INFORMATIONAL
MEETING ON

Russian Immersion Schooling
Will be held at the following locations
Castlegar Primary — Tues., Mar.5—7p
Ootischenia Elem. — Wed., Mar. 6 —7
Tarrys Elementary — Mon., Mar. 11 — 7 p.m
Everyone is Welcome to Attend!
PARENTS FOR RUSSIAN

ATARI
REGENCY

HOMES
No Payment Until 1986

Regency makes you a
straight forward business offer:
We will build a new home for you
AND MAKE ALL YOUR
MORTGAGE PAYMENTS UNTIL 1986

Only 3 Homes in Castlegar

3 Bedroom Home including lot
with many amenities, starting at $69,900

FOR INFORMATION CONTACT:
Raymond Bartlett — 365-2111

MOUNTAINVIEW AGENCIES LTD.

676 - 10th St., Castlegar 345-2111

As a service to
below. The Cast
coupon to us.

number of copies for

fr

readers wishir

Once again, the Castlegar News is publishing its Progress Edition. To be published in mid
March, our news ; people and
putting this keepsake special edition together

To meet the projected demand for extro copies, the Castlegor News will publish o limited
coders to send out fo friends, relatives and
course, the special edition will be included os part of the regular paper to all subscribers.

to send extra copies to others
r News will wrap, address and mail gift copies for you if you mail this
your order now!

CASTLEGAR

CLIP AND MAIL THIS ORDER FORM TTI
NEWS. NAME _ —_ — .

ng statt people are

business contocts. Of

en order blonk is printed

fete tet ee

BIG WINNERS...
Three photographs
(beginning clockwise
from right) show: Grand ©
aggregate winner Gary
Ingham; t and
ribbon winners (back
row, from left) Leno
Grifone, Roy Percival,
Gary Gallo, Gerry
Rodgers, Dick Dunlop
and Dwayne D’Andrea,
(front, from left) Ernie
Geronazzo, Jamie
Percival, Bernie
Kosiancic, Gary Ingham
and Larry ingham; and
wil Association
president Fred Wachek
(right) presents Gary
Maloney with framed
photograph in
recognition of
Maloney’s $750
donation to the
translocation of 20
Rocky Mountain Bighorn
Sheep (see story).

INGHAM WINS
WILDLIFE CLUB
MAJOR AWARD

By CasNews Staff

Gary Ingham captured the grand aggregate trophy
at the Castlegar and District Wildlife Association's 21st
annual banquet. More than 200 attended the Feb. 23
dinner.

Ingham took first place in the typical mule deer
gategory, which was also good enough to have him
entered in the B.C. book.

Leno Grifone was second in the category.

Other winners included:

Black bear: first, Leno Grifone; second, Gary Gallo.

Moose: first, Larry Ingham; second, Roy Percival.

Elk: first, Dick Dunlop; second Leno Grifone.

Mule deer typical (junior): first, Jamie Percival.

Mule deer non-typical: first, Gary Gallo.

White tail typical: first, Bernie Kosiancic; second,
Larry Ingham.

White tail typical (junior): first, Jamie Percival.

Mountain goat: first, Gerry Rodgers; second, Gary
Gallo.

Dolly Varden: Ernie Geronazzo — 18.5 pounds.

Rainbow trout: Dwayne D'Andrea — 3.43 pounds.

Geronazzo also won the Lampart trophy for the
largest Dolly Varden caught on the Arrow Lakes and he
received a $50 certificate from Scottie’s Marina for the
largest fish caught on the Arrow Lakes.

Fred Wachek won the “bullseye” award.

In other wildlife news, a herd of Rocky Mountain
Bighorn Sheep was recently moved from the East
Kootenay to an area near Tulip Creek on the Lower
Arrow Lake.

Guy Woods, Ministry of Environment wildlife
bioiogist for the West Kootenay, says 20 sheep were

moved to the area about six kilometres north of Syringa
Creek Provincial Park.

He said the primary reason for the transfer to Tulip
Creek was “to establish them in an area which we feel will
do well.”

Tulip Creek area was determined as “one of the few
areas where the type of typography and vegetation was
thought suitable for them,” Woods said.

“The Lower Arrow Lakes is one of the driest parts of
the West Kootenay most suitable for them,” he added.

Since the transfer, local wildlife associations have
been monitoring the sheep and putting food out for them
until the sheep adapt to the new surroundings.

Woods said the sheep seem to have moved uphill
from where they were translocated over two weeks ago.

He added that are not being d
look for the sheep at this time.

“The more bothered they are, the higher they will
move,” Woods said. “They are nervous enough, they are
not going to Come” out of the tliffs:”

The sheep were transferred from an area north of
Canal Flats on the east side of Columbia Lake.

Herds of these sheep having been dying off in the
East Kootenay.

Woods said that although the exact cause of the
deaths is not known, the problem is believed to be partly
stress-related, and caused by lung worm.

In addition Woods said, “Competing heavily with
deer and elk hasn't helped their condition in terms of
stress and interaction with other species.

“With that many animals there is quite a bit of
stress,” he said. “Hopefully, we won't have die-offs in
population (in the West Kootenay).”

Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep number about 1,465
in the East Kootenay. Woods said that not counting the
new herd, Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep number “not
more than half a dozen” in the West Kootenay.

Before the new herd was set free at Tulip Creek they
were all ear-tagged, and three were fitted with radio
collars, which will enable wildlife officials to monitor
them.

All about

“History is the witness that testifies to the passing of
time; it Mluminates reality; vitalixes memory; provides
guidance in daily life and brings tidings of antiquity — Cleero
(Roman scholar and orator 106-43 B.C.)

._ 6 *

A little over 30 years ago 1 went with Mr. Zuckerberg to
visit artist and sculptor Bill Koochin at the old Brilliant
village, preparatory to an art exhibition. In the course of our
stay there some of the old people told me that prior to the
First World War, bands of native people used to come to the
area for cleansing rituals. They would dig a trench in the still
snow-covered ground, fill it with water, cover it over to form
a small room then, using hot rocks make it into a steam bath.
Then after getting thoroughly cleansed they would dive into
the freezing Kootenay River

Very few people today will be able to recall actually
seeing these earliest inhabitants of this and adjacent areas (I
would be delighted to hear from anyone who did) and the
only record of their having been here is the evidence of their
scattered graves, their artifacts, kitchen middens, rock wall
paintings and the remains of their winter pit houses.

Unfortunately, unlike castles, cathedrals and Roman
roads which are relatively visible and which act as entry
ports to earlier cultures in other lands, most of the things
left by our own native peoples are all but invisible to the
untrained eye. Thus, most of us are completly unaware of
the earlier history of our area even when it lies at our feet —
the most obvious examples being the Indian winter pit
houses or kekuli

Happily, the establishment of Zuckerberg Island as a
community people-place and soul-restorative, has also

widened public realization of its importance as a biology
education site, a unique architectural study, but a potential
doorway to a better understanding of our early cultural

history
The remains of the Indian pit-house (or kekuli) — of

which there are a number on the island — give us the best
doorway to the prehistory of this and adjacent areas in thé
East and West Kootenay valleys.

In themselves, these pits bear as little resemblence to
the original dwellings as the exeavation for a modern house

a ‘kekuli’

bears to the finished building. Fortunately for community
and historical awareness, the Anthropology 210 class at
Selkirk College under the direction of Dr. Mark Mealing
undertook the Kekuli House Project.

It began in the early fall with a field trip to the island led
by George Apel. The class then discussed the construction of
a kekuli house as both a class project and a public service.

Since regulations regarding heritage sites are very
strict, it was decided that a house could be erected near, but
clear of the nearby known archeological sites at a point
easily accessible to the public. It would be constructed to a
compromise between the exhibition of aboriginal technology
and reasonable durability under public use. The suggestion
met with the approval of the Heritage Advisory Committee
and work was begun in October.

However, design of these early houses varied
considerably in detail both in this area and across the
province. Mealing writes in his project 2

A number of pit house forms are known. The type is
associated with the South Thompson River district, and the
standard plan shows no inner shelf; it is sheeted with poles,
over which dirt is thrown and packed, a method no doubt
ideal for the relatively dry South Cariboo. The inner shelf, or
sleeping bench, appears to be found in both Kootenay and
Lower Fraser Valley examples, inconsistently.

Roof structures may vary a good deal in these areas,
and include examples with no vertical pole sheeting, only
coniferous branches and earth packing being used. Historic
examples vary in diameter between six and 12 metres, with
smaller types used for storage rather than habitation. Roof
pitches may vary between 30 and 50 degrees.

PROJECT DESIGN

We followed traditional Great Basin Post and Cantile-
vered Beam construction. Primary supports are fir log roof
posts supporting primary roof beams. Secondary supports —
stub rafters — run out as approximately 45-degree angles
from primary roof beams, located as best accords to their
respective diameters. These distribute the roof load and
render the four-point structure more circular in form.

Rafters — horizontal stringers — tie the structure

together and distribute weight and loading stresses. A

John Charters .. .

Reflections

& recollections ~

~
8
a

step-notched log set steeply in the floor serves as an entry
ladder. Some vertical poles are laid over the rafters to
further distribute loading, especially on the entry face.

Coniferous boughs will be overlapped on the frame's
exterior. Earth will be thrown over these and packed to
some degree. This finish will shed rain or snow and retain
heat. A small hearth will be constructed in the house's
centre.

The structure is set into a pit 1.6 metres deep by six
metres in diameter. The pit is roughly circular and
flat-bottomed, with a shelf cut into the steeply sloping sides
for sleeping or storage above a possibly wet or cold floor.

This is followed by a list of materials used and then the
phases of the operation.

PHASES

Site Selection: The site is close to the footbridge, so is
i i visible; cultural dept are located a short
distance from the site. We discovered that a travelling dog
had deposited a suitable interim marker for the site's centre
point.

the Pit: The whole class carried out this job,
shovels and various picks, mattocks, etc
Materials: The whole class travelled to a
designated salvage site to cut logs. One person cut trees, one
team limbed the logs, and the other team moved logs from
the site to a suitable freight trailer
Peeling and Preserving: Initially, everyone peeled logs
till enough were available to support ongoing construction.
the Pits: More than once we had to clear snow
from the pit before work could continue. A layer of ice and
snow developed between two layers of earth spoil on the
rim; this may cause problems in the spring, when the rim
may sink and slight renovations may have to be made.
During this stage we adjusted wall pitch and diameter and
installed a shelf .25 metres deep around twothird of the
circumference.

usii

Beam Installation: We slotted the rim appropriately
then installed the roof beams, which we spiked firmly to the
roof posts once heights and lengths were properly adjusted:
they rise at about 35-degree angles, and are supported by
the roof posts about two-thirds of their length from the rim
insertions.

Stub Rafters: Two stub rafters are nailed to each roof
beam. They are also set in slots in the rim, and generally set
in notches about one-third of the beam's length from the rim
insertion.

Ladder: A log, exquisitely chain-notched to resemble
rough hand-hewing, is spiked to one roof-beam and the
ad ing rafter, and set about half a meter into the floor.
This serves as an access stair.

Rafters: Rafters, decreasing in length as they ascend,
are nailed between the roof beams and stub rafters.

Vertical Stringers: A number of light poles are laid over
and under the rafters to distribute loading, especially on the
entrance side.

Overall Problems: It snowed early and often. Cold
weather froze the logs, making handling, peeling and
preserving difficult. On the very cold days smaller poles split
when they were pailed

The project team included Egies Bontempo, Ann
Klughammer, Barry Mayes, Don Demeo, John Kilmartin,
Lee Peterman, Mike Gaskell, John MacLeod, John Witmore
and Dr. Mealing. Their efforts reflect the spirit of
community co-operation and support at all levels which has
been so much a part ofthe entire Zuckerberg Island Park
project.

A second column on the Kekuli House project will follow
in the spring when the operation is completed.

Next week we will have the long-promised report on the
Castlegar Arts Council