Military use of bay A VICTORIA (CP) — The sleepy-hollow look of Nanoose Bay is deceptive. In 1828, the Vancouver Island community was the site of an Indian massacre. In 1918 the thunderous explosion of a dynamite factory there was heard in Vancouver, 60 kilometres east across Georgia Strait. Sound and fury is again brewing at Nanoose Bay — this time over nuclear weapons and -Canadian-U.S. military co-operation. Since 1966, waters near the bay have been used by Canadian and U.S. armed forces to test naval weapons — mainly torpedoes and anti-submarine devices. Under- water listening equipment is also tried out. The test range is 24 kilometres long, and three to eight kilometres wide. At the bottom of a 400-metre-deep trough, sophisticated instruments are planted to allow a Plain Yogourt Lucerne. 500 g Tub. Plain Yogourt Lucerne. 750 g Tub. Plain Yogourt Country Pure. 750 g Tub. control room on a small island to track objects moving through the water. The range is a Department of National Defence facility under the command of a Canadian officer. The base has up to 217 Canadian and American military and Petitions have been presented to Parliament saying ABILITY 'TO REPLY T WASHINGTON (REUT 9 — Experts ah read bod civilian personne! on either a pe or ¥ basis. The department estimates the range is worth $10 million annually to the local economy, The U.S. Navy uses the range under a 1965 agreement. Time on the range is shared equally, although the Canadians often sell unused time to the Americans for several thousand dollars an hour. The 10-year agreement was renewed April 14, 1976, and will expire the same day this year unless it is renewed again. The peace movement is lobbying against renewal. ‘The peace campers allege the vessels are bringing nuclear weapons into Canadian territory. There is no confirmation of this since U.S. and Canadian military policy is neither to confirm nor deny the presence of nuclear weapons on the visiting ships. You'll Be Sure to Find Everythin You Need in — Orange Yogourt ey Yogourt Lucerne. 750 g Tub. 149 Blueberry Yogourt Country Pure. 200 g Tub. Strawberry Yogourt Lucerne. 500 g Tub. 1927 Cherry Yogourt lucerne. 750 g Tub. United States ‘ill be roaie to reply to a Soviet attack, casting doubt on the balance: of-terror concept that has helped deter a nuclear holo- caust for 40 years. “If the (U.S.) president wishes to push the nuclear button, it may not work,” analyst Daniel Ford writes in ‘The Button, a recent book on the American nuclear early- warning system. Ford's concern is shared by investigators, private defence analysts and a former Pentagon official who say the United States’ nuclear command, control and communications system could be disrupted easily in the early stages of a Soviet attack, short-cireuiting retal- iation. These critics say the vul- nerability of the so-called C-3 system, a network of sur- veillance satellites linked by ground relay stations to un- derground and airborne com- mand posts, makes the nu- clear balance of terror much less stable than commonly believed. The Pentagon insists the system does work, weak points are being fixed and the U.S. could retaliate if at- tacked. It says it is spending $15 billion to correct weak- nesses. LAUNCHES ATTACK A commonly accepted scenario of war has the U.S. command system working as follows if Moscow launches an attack: Surveillance satellites de- tect missiles blasting off and Defence Command in Color- ado verifies and relays to Washington. President Ronald Reagan is rushed by helicopter to “the Doomsday plane” — a communications-laden jet that would be his nuclear command post — and super. vises the U.S. response while in flight. ATTACK DOUBTE Underground command posts dating from the 1960s are too vulnerable to accur- ped Soviet missiles, experts *Neagan confers with mili- tary commanders in similar planes and determines which attack plan to use. Before Jong, the U.S. missiles begin to fly. Pentagon planners see & possibility of protracted nu- clear war lasting months with successive strikes and counter-strikes. On Paper, that is how things would work. In reality, there is doubt whether any U.S. retaliation could be carried out, ac cording to nuclear command specialist Bruce Blair, who left the Pentagon last July, and to the General Account- ing Office, the investigative arm of Congress. Akey problem, they say, is satellite attack warning mes- sages could easily be obliter- ated before reaching Reagan. USES MAZE The satellite messages have to be channelled through a maze of vulnerable ground relay stations — first to Nurrungar, Australia, then to a western Pacific station, then to Hawaii, then to Sunnyvale, Calif., and fi- nally to NORAD. “All of the intermediate ground stations that relay the warning data are vul- nerable to nuclear and non- nuclear attack,” and are also poorly guarded, Ford says. The one in Sunnyvale, for instance, sits at a freeway interchange, wide open to commando attack, the critics say. Backup systems exist but are also highly vulnerable, and most of the network would not survive beyond the first 10 minutes of a nuclear attack, says Blair. Disputing these criticisms, U.S. air force Gen. Robert Heres recently told Congress the communications system and its backups are secure and “100-per-cent reliable.” Centre tells where the beef is WINNIPEG (CP) — The average 1,000-pound steer provides about 435 pounds of meat while the rest of the animal is devoted to the manufacture of byproducts such as marshmallows, gum and violin string. According to the Beef In- formation Centre, there isn't a scrap of the animal that isn't used. Leather goods are an ob- vious byproduct, but few consumers realize that ice cream, canned meats and gelatin products contain gel- atin from thé bones and horns. Inedible byproducts in clude buttons, china, lipstick, soap, fabric softener and ex plosives. Cattle are also walking medicine cabinets for more than 100 life-saving and life improving drugs. Insulin from the pancreas is used to treat diabetes. Heparin from the lungs is used to prevent blood coagulation during op erations and to treat frost bite and burns. Even pork sausages con tain beef. The casings, if natural, are made from the intestines of cattle. 10/0} a] SCREW Nie} ir -o I< U) )) MEDICINE Immune system key to cancer eure is not just around the corner. Then, Dr. Dave Williams, an Edmonton General Hospital Both men en that wh tnd of pS ine pathologist, checks the reaction of the antibody of cancer — battling The renee forthe fallure ofthe immune system (0 kill cells is “a fu jon we have to answer before we can cure cancer,” says Dr. Michael tro a a University of Alberta immunology noe Ra researchers seeking answers to questions about cancer by using “breakthrough technologies” of the last decade — monoclonal antibodies and genetic engineering. Longenecker said progress has been made fighting cancer, but there have been no breakthroughs. Another member of the research team, Dr. Grant MacLean of the Cross Cancer Clinic, said:™’The wonder at rh rsscarchars tne “dslinn whtdh aiilian beats to cancer and not to normal tissue,” said. “The ultimate goal is to use antibodies as magic bullets to get the drug to the cancer.” produced by a culture of cloned, g cells. oro they tnew eld atch oly the tomer. Dr. Tony Nowjaim, a University of Alberts Pasresssy Ce ee ie eo ane the possible ane of callguas te dacclep voulaes GaR EEE WIE of cancer. FOR BOWEL PATIENTS New surgery a blessing ° VANCOUVER (CP) — A new sur, Fertility world's -next problem? WINNIPEG (CP — Des- of creation,” he said in an interview. means Meadly can live a normal life. ite what people say about ‘gical freeing bowel patients from their “bags” and three Bos hospitals from rivalry. Kathy Meadly, 23, is one of the first patients in Vancouver to undergo the operation which restores almost normal funetion to people who have had their large bowel removed. Like most patients who suffer from ulcerative colitis, an illness of the large bowel that causes nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, bleeding, cramps and constant pain, Meadly had to wear a pouch on her abdomen to collect body wastes when her large bowel, or colon, was removed. “Wearing a bag,” as she calls it, was devastating for the young mother, who had her colon removed when she was 21. “It was very, very traumatic. I didn't want to go out. I was sure everyone could tell I had a bag, even though they couldn't.” Now her outlook has changed lly. In three the threat of nuclear war, the so happy about it.” MANY WILL BENEFIT contary, aye 0 Mammiene ott Bell estimates about 50 people a year in B.C. will benefit entist. from the operation, which originated in different forms in Reg Gallop, who teaches Japan, London and New York. «water and energy manage- Despite its success and . the operation has ment at the University of escaped public attention because it deals with the bowel, Manitoba, said civilization’s Atkinson said. most threatened resource is “If this were heart surgery, everybody would be talking children. about it, but because it has to do with the bowel, nobody even teens te tappating* “The western world is in Previously, when the colon was removed because of desperate straits because it's begin to drop by the turn of ulcerative colitis, the entire small bowel was removed, denying the whole essential the century. operations, surgeons from St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia Health Sciences Centre, worked together to rebuild an anal passage using Meadly's small bowel. DOCTORS CO-OPERATE The operation, technically called an ileoanal anastomo- sis or a sphincter-saving operation, marks the first time senior specialists from rival hospitals in Vancouver have ted in the operating theatre, said Dr. Ken Atkinson, of St. Paul's who headed the surgical team with Dr. George Bell of Vancouver General. The hospitals have given the surgeons special privileges so they can operate in one another's hospitals, Atkinson said. “It is quite a treat to be working with three other experienced surgeons,” Atkinson said. “In the past, there was hardly any co-operation between the hospitals at all.” Said Bell: “It has done a lot to bridge any jealousies between hospitals. I never understood the reason behind (the rivalries). But it works better this way.” Alzheimer's treatable? Juding the rectum and anus. An ileostomy, an opening to allow waste to drain from the body, was made in the abdomen and the patient spent the rest of his life with a pouch. TREATED WITH DRUGS Now when the large bowel is removed, the rectum and anus are left in place. The patient must still have an ileostomy for a few months while the body is cleared of the drugs used to treat ulcerative colitis. There are two more operations and one of the procedures involves forming a pouch or reservoir in the small bowel. The patient gets a temporary ileostomy while the reconstructed bowel heals. In the next operation, the system is “hooked up” and the ileostomy closed. Because the muscles have been left intact, the patient can relearn bowel control. Since the small bowel performs all digestive functions and the large bowel’s primary function is water absorption, patients can eat a faisly normaldist but they must he-eareful not to become dehydrated, Atkinson said. ial eet THE ‘YOURSELVES Romantic GETAWAY _ IN CALGARY $48 4235. Take a break you'll both remember forever. Relax in our hoxurious guest rooms, some equipped with Clip this Ad, show it to your loved one and reserve now to avoid disappointment PORT O’ CALL INN 1935 McKnight Blvd. N.E., Calgary T2E 6V4 TOLL-FREE RESERVATIONS: 1-800-661-1161 INFORMATION: (403) 291-4600 oa Coming Soon . . . See the Castlegar News of Sun., Jan. 19 MONTREAL (CP) — Two years ago, Margot Rousseau, a 44-year-old mother of three, began forgetting things. Just little things, at first. Soon, she was forgetting so much that she was forced to quit her job as a nurse and now she can't even remem ber how to dress herself and can't be left unattended — even for a minute. Rousseau has Alzheimer's, a progressive, fatal brain disease that affects an es timated 300,000 Canadians. To date, there has been no hope for Alzheimer’s victims as there is no known cause, cure or treatment for the disease. However, a team of Mon treal doctors, in conjunction with colleagues in the United States, think they may be working on the first success ful of Alzh "s. Rousseau recently under. went surgery to have a pump implanted in her abdomen and a tube placed under her skin from the pump to her brain. “We had no choice,” the experiment. the operation there was no hope. With nothing to help her, it was harder to accept (the disease).” The chemical being releas- ed slowly from the pump into Margot’s brain is bethane- chol, which replaces a natural neurotransmitter known as acetylcholine, said Dr. Serge Gauthier of the Montreal Neurological Hospital. Neurotransmitters are groups of cells allowing nerve cells to communicate with each other. In 1977, researchers no- ticed Alzhei "s victims had As with other patients in volved in the experiment, a significant deficiency of the chemical. Subsequent exper- iments to replace the neur- otransmitter through pills or a change of diet failed, said Gauthier, who is in charge of the Canadian side of the ex- periment. USES A PUMP More recently, however, specialists at the Dartmouth- Hitchcock Medical Centre in New Hampshire tried using the pump to inject the neur- otransmitter directly into the brain of four Alzheimer's vic- tims. To provide a controlled basis for the study, the pump was filled at times with a solution that would not have any effect on the patients, but the patients and their families were never told which substance was being used at which time, Gauthier said. “They (the four) got better to the point that their families could tell what was in the pump,” he said. Specialists believe the study is the first positive indication that Alzheimer’s may be treatable, but warn against false hope until the results of the broader-based experiment have been com- piled. Some 100 Alzheimer’s pa- tients, including seven Can- adians, will have the pump implanted by March, Gau- thier said. The trial period will last about one year. The volun- teers can continue wearing the pumps for the rest of their lives if they want and if the experiment proves to be as successful as the pilot study, Gauthier said. For the Rousseau family which lives in Trois-Rivieres, 120 kilometres east of Mon- treal, there have been no second thoughts about taking part in the experiment. Learn to ski for only $10 You can do it! The ski retailers and ski areas listed below have join- ed forces to offer you a great] to start skiing at a troductory price Here's what you get: For 10 dollars you'll be pro- vided with excellent rental equipment (skis, boots, bind ings and poles), a profes- sional lesson for beginners, and access to the beginner slopes and lifts for a day, at the ski area of your cl The ski shop stop: Just stop in at one of the ski you see listed here. 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