stats. ton. THE ROAD ANEAD IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT The following is the text of an address given to . the Canadian Chamber of by A. D. Hamilton, chairman of the executive board of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, May I say first that I am very graceful indeed @o the Chamber for asking me to review the pollucants discharged by our industry to lakes and - rivers have been made during a decade in which Canadian pulp and paper output increased sub- - stantially. Notwithstanding that increase, the total loss of suspended solids throughout the industry dropped by almost one-half, The total loss of progress of my industry in and tell you something of the size of the task which still remains. Ie is not an easy matter to deal with on behalf-of a large industry located in nearly a hundred and twenty-five communities throughout Canada, Ie is certainly one which deserves greater discussion, and better under- standiog. My remarks will be general, bute only in the sense that they pertain to the industry as a whole rather than to particular companies or mills, Ic must be ized that indivi ions differ considerably ¢ one to another, for reasons of history, geography, or economics. As you see pulp and paper companies have dance of public criticism on the subject oft pollution during the past few years. We are such large users of water that perhaps we have been something of a lightning rod, but now that day may be passing. Nor because public concern with pollution is diminishing; not because the pollution problems of our industry have all been solved; but because as a nation we are gradually reaching a consensus on our goals for the environ- meat; on how to provide for the vast expenditures that they make necessary; and on the length of time they may reasonably take to achieve. There is no doubt in my mind that this consensus is opening anew chapter — another new v chapter — in between gi and i ry. And I am optimist enough to believe that it will bea very constructive chapter. It seems ©. w be aon eal by a deeper public and by a more ition of the ibiliey thac each of ws shares for having created those problems. Tt also seems to be linked somehow to a greater awareness that the laws of. economics have not been repealed, and must be observed in the setting of time tables for pollution abatement. They must be observed, that is, unless we are prepared co accept serious consequences in the form of factory closings and destruction of jobs, livelihoods, and the social fabric itself in many Canadian commu- nities. This is the choice, I assure you. Changed Attitudes What had happened, of course, in our industry as in others, was that we were swept up in the hurricane of change in public attitudes toward the environment. We were all of us suddenly taken by the lapels, and hauled to our feet. The period of wide public concern over pollution “" has actually been very short — no, more than 10 years in most parts of Canada, and less than chat in some. Until well into the second half of this century, our society not oily was ignorant about but with them. It should not have been, bueit was, and to be quite honest about the matter, the attitudes in my industry were not very much different from those elsewhere. There is no reason to apologize for the per- formance of the pulp and paper industry during the relatively few years that have passed since there finally came this realisation and concern that our environment was being badly used. We have reduced sub ially the of p réleased by our mills. We have accepted the need and the responsibility to complete the task as rapidly as possible i in the years to come. We ask only thar it be recognized that a large number of our mills do have problems, that they are serious problems, and that they vitally concern the wel- fare not only: of our industry but of many cities and towns across Canada. ved solids has remained about che same, i are in stages, and /for most of the mills, suspended solids have been the problem to which attention has first been directed, So we are making good progress. What is more, these expenditures to combat water pollution have been panied by large di to combat air pollution. They have also been accompanied by the launching of research programs into most of the of control, such as keafe mill ‘odour, Often, ‘these are being undertaken in Cooperation | with the federal government. Today, all new pulp and paper mills install adequate systems of pollution control when they are buile. At the same time, the older mills are inuing with their ab even though their abilities to do so have = suffered during the past ycar from financial troubles. It has been projected that during 1971 some $53 million will be spent on water pollution abatemenc throughout the pulp and paper industry. There are one or two other areas in which our industry has been active and which are related to pollution abatement and waste disposal. Of all the wood that Canadian pulp and paper mills use to- day, for example, more than one quarter is residue from lumber mills: slabs, edgings, rejects, veneer cores, and so forth. That proportion is more than double the figure of ten years ago. This increasing use of lumber mill residues obviously creates a fuller and more economic utilization of wood thae i ‘is harvested. But it also for lumber mill top residues were formerly burned. Many pulp and paper companies have also ig of are also faced with large expenditures for programs of this kind. Nevertheless, che more liberal tax structures that prevail in chose ies help ‘intensified international competition, the squeeze of rising costs — all of these plus an unfavourable considerably to ease the problem, The ‘effluent standards are in ewo parts, one applying to discharge of the I solids in the effluents of our mills, and the ailier to the discharge of dissolved solids. There is no need to inflice on you an elaborate techaical report. But a bricf explanation of these terms is necessary to an understanding of our problems. In che manufacture of pulp and paper, the sus- pended solids contained in the effluents may consise of organic matter such as bark, knots, and tiny bits of wood fibre; and they may also include inorganic matter such as lime, or filler and coating clays. The dissolved solids are largely organic, and will break down or oxidize under biological action. They include wood sugars, lignins, and other residue from pulping and bleaching. It would be dishonest to pretend that some 4 these materials may not have harmful effects on the aquatic environment, or be unpleasant aestheti- cally. Bits of bark and fibre may blanker the feeding arcas OF spawning grounds for fish; and in slowly - ig evalve by-p which impair the environment. Decomposition of wood sugars and the like ; may fequire so much of the oxygen that is present in the water that many aquatic forms of life are endangered. Lignin residues, being brown, colour the water, and some pulping residues cause foam that is harmless but unsightly. * Cost: $685 Million tax have only exposed their fundamental weaknesses, It is not sham to say chat these mills will be unable to remain in business if they are faced with ehe full burden of the cx- penditures that will be required co meet the new federal effluent regulations, There are older mills whose health is not quite so precarious, But I suggest to you that in today's economic climate there are very few which could move forward at full speed to meet the new regulations without putting the most severe strain on their viability. They could survive, but seriously weakened. As you know, there is a body of opinion that tends to brush aside complex problems of this kind. It holds simply that, “the polluter must pay — and quickly". Fortunately, there do seem to be signs that gi are rej that approach as being barren and self-defeating; concerned more with fixing blame than with finding workable ways out of a genuine dilemma which is rooted in the casier attitudes of another day. The Road Ahead _ The time has come to turn away from the listic political h-phrases; and from the harsh schoolmaster admonishing the sinners. Ic is time for a new period of industry-government cooperation to combat a problem chat has signif- icance -aot only for the health of che Canadian ecaviconment, but for the health of the Canadian The new federal 8 i outer limics for our industry, in terms both of suspended solids and of dissolved solids. In practice, the actual standards will be calculated for the mills individually, by applying the limits that have been designated for each of the various pulping and paper making operations that may be p Both industry and government can look critically at some of their own past attitudes. Industry, for its part, should have done better on pollution abatement in the 1940's and the 1950's; let us admit that, At the same time, has not the order of In other words, cach mill will be given its own set of numbers to work to, and it will be based on during recent years seemed a liedle peculiar? Governments at every level have stood ready to offer assistance to new industry in thae mill's p blend of « f; Pp products, and so forth. been giving greater to the fibre, a subject which has Teese considerable public interest during the past year or two. lo Canada, about 500,000 tons of paper and paperboard are reclaimed and recycled annually, and this rep- resents a modest contribution toward solid waste disposal. It should be borne in mind, of course, that We have made a careful survey of the member companies pf the Canadian Pulp and Paper Associa- tion, which account for all but four or five per cent of the pulp and paper manufactured ia Canada. And we estimate that the total capital requirement for our industry to mect the new federal effluent paper and board in most of their I roles are biodegradable, and thus do not present the same problems of waste disposal as many other materials. — thei ry, that is, as it existed at the begining of 1971— would come to some $685 million. I assure you that this is a realistic appraisal. We’ are being very caréful to avoid the case. The ics of recycling are complex, and there are many misconceptions of the extent to : which the use of secondary, fibre may be ¢ practicable. Ac smay ‘surprise you,:. for,example, ‘shat as a taw- material secondary fibre can be very’ much more expensive than virgin fibre. It is often relatively costly to collect and transport, especially if it is to be used by mills built closer to the forest than to the market, blems mean * may Fequi I shall aot attempt today to speculate on the posible fader that air, lished. Using grants, bond guar- antees, tax concessions, and a multitude of other devices, they have succeeded in stimulatiog ine dustrial growth, in pulp and paper as in other fields, It is not my intention today to question their wisdom in doing so — though I am tempted. I do want to observe that they have shown much less interest in helping to see that existing industry is strengthened, so that it can compete in the markets of the world, and continue to flourish as a source of jobs and income for large numbers of people. ‘This lack of concern has been evident in broad spheres, such as tax policy; end it has been evident f-us inthe years to"come. By no ~ looked in r spheres, such as Pollution sbacenients; There’ willbe ‘no dele| fin from the’ Ladies Aux jon 'b Monday's time was distance to Ke to send 8 Mrs, A. We who is the wee Kootenay: representative, zone rep! + Oars, W Leduc, M. White and Mrs, H. Teen spoke ona a workshop held recently, in ‘Trail, CHURCHES} ST. RITA'S CATHOLIC CHURCH Rev. E. A. Brophy Ph, 365-7143 Sunday Masses at 9am.- 11 am.-7 pm. CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH Offices 3859450 | Home 365-6667 iNext to the Cloverleaf Mote) Castleaird Plaza ST. PETER LUTHERAN ci 405 Maple St., Castlegar ; Worship Service 11 am. 9 junday School 10 am. Phone 365-5976 Pastor Robert Naber 1905 - 4th Ave., Kinnaird “The Church of the Lutheran Hour” means is this area of activity being in our industry; in face, our mills have made consider- able progress in recent years. However, society has not yet ceil its standards of ait quality with that not all pulp and paper products ate suited to, the use of secondary fibre. The point is, however, that the industry is look- ing 3 more ‘Closely at the possibilities for recycling q ics of paper and paperboard. And there is no doubt that interesting developments lie ahead in this field. The New Federal Standards So much for the past and the present; our interest now is the future. It will be dominated by the effluent standards for the pulp and paper industry which are to be issued under the Fisheries Act, and it is clear that these will be of great importance. ‘The federal government has chosen the Fisheries Act as a principal instrument through which to assert control over water quality. So the standards will apply i in all parts of Canada, and in fact they The problems are financial mostly, some are also technical. They arise from the extraordinarily high cost of meeting the new standards for the environment which are being set. Their solution will require the goodwill and co- operation of our various governments, federal, the most compreh fort which has yet been made to deal at the national level with the disposal of industrial waste. First let me assure you that in the pulp and paper agy p i ig problem i is aesthetic, ay keraft mill odour, and it will be very costly to eliminate. To return to the federal water pollution abate- ment regulations, you may be interested in a break- “down by province of the immense sums that they will require. The largest portion, $244 million, is in Quebec, not surprisingly since that province accounts for more than one-third of the output of our industry, and has a high proportion of older mills. Ontario will require $155 million; ~ British Columbia, $136 million; the Atlantic Provinces, $137 million; and the Prairie Provinces, $13 million. You may also be ani in how the money would bespent. We estimate that some $155 million would be required to provide for the primaty treatment of mill effluents; that is, clarifiers to prevent the discharge of suspended solids, the tiny bits of wood fibre, bark, and so forth that can be troublesome on lake and river bottoms. An ad- ditional $296 million would be required to install industry we ‘welcome the in this new federal initiative. It yi ‘ead to a provincial, and to some degree ipal, as well as the understanding of the public. In return, governments and the public obviously are entitled to expect from the pulp and paper industry good faith, which could be defined as che fulfilling of reasonable objectives. The nature of this new chapter on the environ- ment which we now find ourselves entering is expressed most clearly in regulations for the efflueats of pulp and paper mills, which have recently been drafted by the federal government and will be issued under the Fisheries Act. I intend to review these, and discuss their impact, for they are very important to my industry. But before doing so perhaps an outline of our pollution abatement efforts to date would be useful. A Progress Report We know that since 1960 pulp and paper compa- : nies in Canada have spent more than $150 million on water pollution abatement. The result has becn thae the quantity of suspended solids in che eflluents of their mills has been reduced, per ton of produc- tion, by nearly two-thirds. The bioch J oxygen dustry approach to 2 complex and difficule problem. We believe thac if it is applied wisely it can create a fairer and a more orderly system for the control and abatement of water pollution. It can simplify long-term in- dustrial planning. And it can help to ensure that the benefits of the cleaner environment which it is meant to create will be enjoyed not only in some parts of Canada but everywhere. I have no mandate to speak for my colleagues throughout Canadian industry as a whole. How- ever, the great majotity of them would agrec that this new federal approach is reasonable and realistic. If sensible rules can be drawn for all di and for ipalities, then we shall . have throughout Canada standards of water quality of which we can all be.proud. Having said that much, it is necessary that I add a qualification. Actually, not so much a qualifica- tion as a simple statement of fact. The new federal effluent standards for the pulp and paper industry appear to be reasonable with regard to our technical ability to control water demand of the effluents, once again per ton of production, has been reduced by ‘about one-third. Biochemical oxygen demand, as you may be aware, expresses the amount of oxygen required to decompose waste; to ‘turn wood sugars, for ex- ample, into carbon dioxide and water. Fish and phe? forms of life also require the dissol lution and the quality of the covironment which, as citizens, we should be able to enjoy. But there is Go doubt that they will impose on a large pumber of our older pulp and paper mills a burden -that is absolutely staggering. Te can be borne only if g show ding and flexibility in the time that is given for implementation of the gen. in the water, and thus the B.O.D. of “foduserial and other wastes should not be excessive. These red duction in thg per ton of p and in providing some forms of assistance to lighten the financial strain. Now of course, it is true that our competitors in the United States and other parts of the world 1 recovery or i systems So as to solve our single most difficult problem in pollution abatement, that is, disposing of the waste liquor from the manufacture of sulphite pulp. Finally, $234 million would represent the cost of installing biological treatment facilities for waste streams from several el of the facturing process. The purpose of ae secondary treatment, which ion of large holding — ” fagoons, is to ote decomposition of the dissolved organic material, so 2s to reduce the . oxygen demand of the effluents on the receiving water. Problems of Older Mills ‘With new mills there is, as you might imagine, no particular problem in meeting regulations such as these new federal standards. The cost of an adequate system for the control of pollution is simply considered asa part of the initial invest- ment that is required. This cost could easily be as much as six million dollars. Depending on the size of the mill and the nature of the products, it might be more. No matter; as long as an adequate return on the total investment seems assured, then the mill is buile. The facilities for controlling pollution REGIONAL ECUMENICAL PARISH ROBSON COMMUNITY CHURCH 9:45 A.M. United or Anglican Service (alternate weeks) ST. DAVID’S CHURCH, CASTLEGAR Special Services on May 7th and 14th May 7 8:00 A.M. Holy Communion Parish Office: Phone 365-8337 Cleray:T T. M. Allen and C. N. Howard Anglican & United Churches 11:15 A.M. Joint Anglican-United Communion (Anglican style, with commentary) May 14 11:15 A.M. Joint Anglican-United Communion . (United Church style, with commentary) Please note there is no 8:00 a.m. service on May 14 GRACE _ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Services & Church School Sundays at 11.30 am | Minister Rev. Clare Marti’ Ph. 352-7400, Nelson, B.C [Business and Professional Directory & Dutch Cleaning Service ben Autipeetetinn or Monthly Shampooing race to wall carpet and rugs 2 ice Free Estimates. Ph. free of char . berries or Nelson 6, Castlegar. satisfaction or No Charge “Basis” C. Van Pelt 365-7605 MARKEN ENTERPRISES Amway Distributors Ph, 365-5459 Kinnaird, B.C. ELECTRICAL Industrial, Commercial and idential Electrical Wiring OESMOND:T. BOUNDARY Electric (Castlegar) Ltd, Electric Heat Specialists Medallion Humes Ph. 365-7241 366 Baker Si Nelson, B.C. Ph. 352-5152 For RUBBER STAMPS Box 25, Robson, BC. Ph, GREEP’S ELECTRIC ~ CONTRACTING SALES & SERVICE Ph. 365-7075 | Free Estimates LITTLEWOOD D.O.S. OPTOMETRIST Maytag Sales and Service . GUARANTEED REPAIRS) . Ph. 365-5240 Your ADMIRAL Dealer Sales & Service Also TV Rentals Ph, Pete Zibin 365-5575 CASTLEGAR. FUNERAL. HOME 4 Dedicated to Kindly J ‘Thoughtful Service q Ambulance — Flowers fj Gramie, Marble and } Bronte Plaques t are then merely elements of ancillary equip falling into the same category as systemis for the. control of fire, or devices to ensure the safety of employees. ' The problem i is with the older mills; the mills that were buile during the time of general un- concen with pollution. Some of these are marginal economically, ind” have been ‘for years. The exceptional difficulties with which our industry has struggled during the past two years — soft world markets, the freeing of the Canadian dollar, ie $6.00 per year, "the price by delivery boy 1 is 5 cents an issue, Single copies in stores are 15 cents, Second-class mail registration number 0019, ‘The Castlegar News 1s a member of the audit Bureau of Circulations. It ts a member of the Canadian Weekly: Newspapers Association and the B.C. division of oe Papers Weekly the writer, should be The ine Castlegar News, Drawer 490, Cantia: gar, B.C. Letters for publication must be signed "Pen" names will be used on req but the correct name must be submitted, Agreement: It is agreed by the advertiser questing space that the ltabllity of the paper i the event of failure to publish any adver ment: of any description or in the event errora oceur in the publishing of an adve: ment shall be lmited to the amount pald for that portion of the adves {ng space. occtipied by the incorrect item and that there shall be no lability in any Deyond the amount paid for such adve mn : 3 went right through, the mountain. PARDMAN FURNITUREIEE:|. ‘ROBSON RADIO & TV iim CASTLEGAR NEWS = .. farms. ” dead man and went into Nelson to cash It in at the gold “the pipedreamer By BRUCE RAMSEY Dear 8 Last week, the Pipedreamer went back to school, It’ was all the result of a talk with Paul Medvedoff, a teacher been the ‘r “(at Tarrys Elementary School who asked me to come and 2 speak to his class on British Columbia ghosts. For a little more than an hour we weaved B.C, history in with ghosts torlum were blackened out, the only light came from a small coal oll lamp, and the floor squeeked beautifully, When it was all over, | asked the children whether 4 they had ever heard of the alleged “lost valley” in behind Glade, and asked if anybody knew where It was, Now there was one of the most stupid questions anybody could ask, for Is somebody knew where it was, it wasn't lost. Any- how, got no response, which was too bad, for many years ago had heard a fantastic story about a “lost valley” in this area, happened about the time the Hall Mines near Nelson were being opened, so that would be back in the 1890s. ‘The whole area swarmed with prospectors, and | doubt very much If a hill or a piece of real estate in this area was untouched by the hand of a miner. Anyway, one of them, would find’ it i whose name {s not known, followed a stream up into the mountains, and then at the headwaters turned to cross & mountain pass. And as he climbed around the moun- tains, he entered a narrow, steeply-sided canyon only a few yards in length. It was a difficult struggle to get through, .but when he made it, the prospector beheld a moosriut valley, much like that of Shangri-La, | suppose, ace here 38 is _poall how i 2 wil ady show! ut without the Budhist monastery nor the well laid out itself in the siren of th 4 nts rt end e pregulanly we concern on the tie mpreet aE We would like to know. why certain mombers of the community have taken such PATRICIA Such a sight was too good to miss exploring tho- roughly, and at the far end of the valley, which was a couple of miles long, he found a cave ... and the cave , _ And'inside the cave he found the skeleton of a man who was clutching a bag full of gold nuggets. The prospector took the bag from the hands of the commissioner's office, and then he went out and bought “supplies for a full scale expedition to find the source of this gold horde, Now In prospecting circles, it’s pretty hard to keep a + gold strike secret, and even though he tried hard to keep “his find a secret, the word leaked out. Prospectors and would-be prospectors, tracked our . friend into the wilds, Try as he could, he couldn't shake them off his tall, and as a result he wondered far afield from the creek that led him to the mysterious valley. And now the story ends. As might be imagined, the prospector never again saw the valley, Chureh Ari Show ae nn my ol A akin of st George and the Dragon by Mealing will fo: of an exhibi- shown on ‘Ascension Day. Tesponsib ity. But why” my nose when T am ci ble and desirous of doing i my- . ear Sir: At.1808 Seventh Aven and the ‘setting was just right. The windows of the audi- Od ata mouse te th extent a -hopplew sin the take time to visit this, Howe they is cleaner Why Knotk Little People's Nursery! tive stand agalnst the tute Nt cbt without the effort to find. Fees what they.are ob- jecting to. ig to. Ia it because this is a roject that was organized fy, J oung ple fe. feel is an factor that has determined why thelr attitude toward the house is a negative one. Well, in our opinion the y care offers a service We deems “at fit an . that is as co ory way 28 than most oat could afford to pay sitters in thelr own children are mich aay carer,’ me oe oy id go. bed so much better and eats his meals with no. FRESH. Government Inspected . | CHUCK STEAI PORK STEAK BACON eas 6 JUBILEE. 16 or, Sliced, .... Pkg 89 ie at it seems h better these wR Reports he operation — sted with this counell really necessary te) sit down the Little Peo- ple's Nurse we only hope ‘ can offer us a service arable in ev- one. Carolee Joyce Patylyk, Mrs. Beautiful B.C, Some of the that make British an exciting place 8, The summer vast northwest w! years, Other storles ,. the West Kootenay Count 00, and ‘the activities of pe honey-bee clubs, Mra. A. E, Langlols, ‘Mrs 4 Laurel Stetsko, ._ Judy As usual, all Hachman, Mrs, Mona vans, jons. in Idle. full color, ited in the latest edition on Beautiful British Colum- bla Mag sue of the Department of Travel Industry quarterly, now ‘on sale, includes an ar- ticle ‘on eating out in Van-