Members of the RCMP in a Way They are Pictured

fuk

Throughout the World

Scarlet Line Left Dufferin, Manitoba...

Westward March Ins

All RCMP duties and
services grew out of an urgent
need to rid Canada's West of
whiskey traders and pacify the
warring Indian tribes,

Fortune hunters surged
toward Canada’s empty land,
There came, too, desperadoes
Neeing before the law, sceking
to live where there was nat yet
any law.

Suffering most from the
liquor peddlers were the prairie
Tadlans who rapidly learned to
crave the cheap whiskey and
willingly traded their robes,
ponies and buffalo hides for it,

The westward march of
the Mounties has inspired many
books and movies,

Commissioner George A.
French, who was in command,
warned his men of the
hardships to be expected, and
urged those who might have
second thoughts to apply for a
discharge.

He entered upon the
expedition, therefore, with men
who knew what they were
letting themselves in for and

Consfable-Turned-Lawyer Says Force Now
Belfer Educated, Staffed, Trained & Equipped

He used to be called
“Cariboo Ed" but now he's
“Barrister Ted".

Ted Breaknell picked up
the handle “Cariboo Ed" when
he was a member of the Royal
Canadian Mounted Police at
Williams Lake and 100-Mile.
After nine years he quit the
Force and when he gave up his
uniform, he also gave up his
nickname.

Breaknell quit the Force
.to pursue a different avenue of
law. After five years of study,
sweat, tears and a lot of pork
and beans for supper, he is now
a lawyer at Salmon Arm.

In addition to the two
Cariboo iti Break-

in the administration of law
rather than its enforcement.

Does he now think like a
lawyer or does he still think like
8 policeman?

He says he thinks like a
lawyer although as crown
prosecutor for the District of
Salmon Arm his old police
instinct comes to light when he
is questioning persons on the
witness stand,

“What I learned at law
school (at the University of
Saskatchewan) was that there
are two sides to every story
which policemen also know but
don’t always appreciate.”

ing from ie

Tcan so a fair and just decision
can be reached,”

Another former RCMP
officer, Jack Ramsay, stirred
up a hornet’s nest across
Canada last year when he said
the alcoholism and suicidal rate
among RCMP officers was
staggering. He ‘blamed the
strict discipline and regi:

who heless wanted to go,
On July 8, 1874, the long
scarlet line of NWMP rode out
from Dufferin, a settlement on
the Red River in Manitoba.
For two months the ox
carts, wagons, cattle, field
pieces and agricultural equip-
ment crawled westward. By
late September they had
traversed a vastness of stark
and silent desolation, through-
out which there were probably
not more than a hundred white
people.
The Force reached its
ination near the location of

tion, which he said the Force
places above all other consider-
ations to protect its image, as
the major reasons for the
alcoholism and suicides.
Breaknell said he agreed
that what Ramsay had to say
was factually true, although he
di d with the rational

said poli some-

nell’s police career also took
him to Vernon and Golden
where he. called it quits.

He said that having been
associated with lawyers
through his police experience,
he decided he wanted a career

times unknowingly become
one-sided.

“I have learned to see both
sides of the story and. whether
T'm acting for the Crown or the
accused I feel I should put that
aside before the court as best as

100 Years

ARROW

Salute

RCMP.

on
100 YEARS

HAPPY ANNIVERSARY

LAUNDRY.

Leas ee ees |
i

129 Main St. — Phone 365-6651

service to Canadians

BRENA CONTRACTING LTD.
Box 3063 Castlegar, B.C. “Phone 365-7013

Wats OFF FO THE
R.C.M.P.
WE SALUTE YOU

ON ATTAINING 100 YEARS OF
DEDICATED SERVICE.

Super-Valu

Castlegar, 8.C,
“Store of Quality Foods’

of
DEDICATED
SERVICE

Charles Cohoe
Insurance

269 Columbia Ave.
Phone 365-3301

OF SERVICE
Salufe to the R.CM.P.

on their

100th Birthday

EAST ROBSON STORE

1 mile west of the Ferry — Phone 365-3031

[_ a |
Congratulations

_to the
R. C. M. P.

for their years of commendable

behind his reasons,

“The Mounted Police is a
disciplined body and if you look
at any, disciplined body, such as

present-day Lethbridge, and
selected the site of their post.
They named it Fort Macleod in
honor of their Assistant Com-
missioner, James F. Macleod,
second-in-command of the ex-
pedition.

During the first five years
of patrolling the plains not a
single member of the Force lost
his life by human violence, nor
did the police fire a shot in
anger. Yet. the law was
i and enforced.

Pp people
lawyers, you will find they are
governed by a set of rules over
and above the normal rules.
There will always be people in
positions of trust who can’t cut
the mustard with these higher
rules.” : :
Compared with the general

“public, Breaknell © said “there

™may be more alcoholics per
capita in the RCMP but if you
compared the Force with
corresponding professions, the
per capita rate is probably
much less.

The lawyer said he is
finding that more and more
policemeh are being looked
upon as professional people
rather than glorified night
watchmen.

“As a consequence, the job
requires much more tact, skill,
and use of common sense than
ever before,” he said.

He added that this is
complicated by a society that is
living and changing faster than
ever before. :

“In this regard, I think the
police have coped very well
with the, situation despite
occasional criticism.”

Breaknell said RCMP
members
educated, better trained, better
equipped, better staffed, ‘and
better paid.

“Probably the only thing
that has aggravated matters is
that society has changed and
complications come greater in
number. We have undergone
more changes in the last five
years than in the previous 25
years—not only in wages but in
our standard of living gener-
ally.”

The lawyer said policemen
don’t seem to approach their
work with the same zest and
enthusiasm as policemen 10
years ago, “but this is a-product
of our time rather than a
criticism. Today it is a job more
than a way of life.”

He noted ‘that while the
changes have resulted in
improved conditions for police-
men, “it has stolen some of the
substance from the job.”

today are better’

The first outlaws brought
to justice at Macleod were four
men arrested after an Indian
chief reported trading two
ponies for two gallons of
whiskey. The whiskey traders
were fined,.and the police
seized two - wat
liquor.

All Canada west of the
Great Lakes was opened up by
traders and settlers under the
wing of the Mounted Police.

The policeman became, as
was required, guide, counsellor,
friend, doctor, settler U

road oe

on July 8, 1874, for Fort Macleod, Alta,

pired Books & Movies

THE NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE. . . marching west in tho summer of 1874

putes and protector, He fought
prairie fires i ought

caer’
mail, and arranged weddings
and funerals,

These services contributed
more than merely enforeing the

Meantime, the Foree was
busy pacifying the warring
tribes of Indians and per-

ing them into new ways of
living, The Red Coat became
the badge of friendly authority.
It meant to the Indians
honesty, courage, wisdom and
square-dealing.

It was due to this bond of
trust between the Indians and
the police thal the Blackfoot
Treaty was successfully nego-
tiated in 1877.

The treaty, signed by the
Blackfoot, Blood, Sarcee and
Stoney tribes, surrendered
50,000 square miles of tribal
land to the Government of
Canada, established reserves
for the Indians, and provided

reaty payments,. food
nees, and other benefits,
The text of this moment-
ous treaty is reproduced in a
history written by the late
S. H. Middl

Lethbridge, Alta., 1954).

Chief Crowfoot of the
powerful Blackfoot Confeder-
acy, a. significant figure in
Canadian history, was the great
firend of the North West
Mounted Police. He refused to
join Sitting Bull, chief of the
Sioux, in making war on the
white settlers, and later he
rejected the Crees’ invitation to
join in the Ricl uprising.

After the signing of the
Blackfoot Treaty in 1877,
Crowfoot testified to the belief
and faith of his people in the
Mounted Police:

“If the police had not come *

to this country where would we
all be now? Bad men and
whiskey were killing us so fast
that very few of us would have
been left today. The police have
protected us as the feathers of
the bird protect it from the
frosts of winter.”

It was an event in the
Cypress Hills, named for the
cypress or jack-pine forests in
the vicinity, that stirred the
government to organize the
NWMP,

--.- A. gang - from Benton,
Montana, “crossed into Canada
searching for horses stolen by a
raiding party of Salteaux and
Crees. They came upon a camp
of Assiniboines and massacred

Ar . at
the request of Head Chief
Shot-on-Both-Sides of the
Bloods (Lethbridge Herald,

Cet. Hugh Clark is Typical of Young Men Now in the RCMP

the inhabitants. Equally with-
out reason, a camp of Peigans
numbering 170 was killed by
white men,

Then came the Sioux, the
most powerful, fierce and
implacable tribe in all the
north-western states.

In June 1876 the bitter
warfare between the United
States army and the Indians of
the Plains culminated in a
battle on the Little Big Horn
River.

Colonel George A. Custer
and his mounted force of 250
men were wiped out by Chief
Sitting Bull and his 2,000
well-armed warriers. The chief
and some 5,000 of his people
fled to Canada.

The Mounted Police were
hard pressed. They had to snuff
out threatened uprisings, pre-
vent the invaders from per-
suading the Canadian Indians
to join them in fighting the
whites, and preserve the
Blackfoot hunting grounds from
the Sioux.

Superintendent J. M.
Walsh, with a dozen constables,
rode into the Sioux encamp-
ment. Walsh explained the laws
of Canada, commanded the
Sioux to keep peace with the
Canadian tribes, and assigned
them hunting spaces.

Unti! they returned to the
United States four years later,
the Sioux behaved well.

In 1870, just as today,
many troubles started because
of lack of consultation and
dearth of communication,

The government sent sur-
veyors to lay out the country in
townships and sections for

Congratulations:

TO THE

RCMP |

ON THEIR

100th

Anniversary
HADIKIN BROS. LUMBERING

Brilliant, B.C, — Phone 365-3212

Box 100

R.C.M.P.

We Salute You

on

100 Years of Service

MAPLE LEAF STORE

Crescent Valley, B.C.

settlement. This alarmed the
Metis (persons of mixed white
and Indian blood) across whose
lands the surveyors ran their
lines, 3

The North West Mounted
Police took purt with militia
units in suppressing the second
rebellion in 1885,

George S, Howard, former
editor of the RCMP Quarterly,
has an interesting story to tell
about this rebellion, associated
with a name famous in world
literature,

Mr. Howard, now living in
Islington, Ont., retired from the
Force in 1939 after 21 years’
service, with the rank of
sergeant, and has collected an
extensive library dealing with
the RCMP.

His story has to do with
the adventures of a gold watch
which belonged to Francis
Dickens, third son of England's
great novelist, Charles Dickens.

He inherited it upon his father’s
death in 1870,
Francis Dickens joined the

NWMP in 1874, and nine years *

later he was appointed, with
the rank of Inspector, to
garrison Port Pitt with 24 men.

He was in command there
in 1885 when, 35 miles away at
Frog Lake, all the mate
inhabitants except one were
slain. There were no civilians in
Fort Pitt, and the Mounties,
outnumbered 10 to one by an
Indian war party, retired to
Battleford.

Included in the personal
belongings left behind was
Inspector Dickens’ watch, It
found its way to the belt of
Wandering Spirit, war leader of
the Cree Indians.

When the rebellion was

© NOTICES.
R WANTED

will be provid-
epared to

» Interested persons
juld phone tl

phone 305-5894
and weekends.)

DO TYPING IN M

© NOTICES

THE NEW VERSATILES
with Buddy Marr. are still
available for New Year's
Eve. Ph, 365-5714, 342

HOME HANDYMAN — SA:
ve on major appliance re-
pairs, We will loan you a
service manual and test
lamp, and order parts for
you. Most makes of ranges,
dishwashers, washers, dry-
ers, We also sell electric
motors for appliances, fur-
naces, fans, etc, and heat-
ing. elements and controls
for hot water tanks, Phone
9365-6141 evenings and
weekends. Cadmac Applian-
ce Service, 340

BEGINNER'S GUITAR LES-
sons to statt soon, Interest-

h
Ph, 365-5186,
)

ome. Neat, experienced.
342

ed ns please Ph, 365-
Hy

MR, MAKER

Service officer will be
the Legion Hall in Castle
gar on Oct, 23 at 11 a.m.
All ex-service -men who
wish to see him call 365-
8274.

GET YOUR HOUSEHOLD
needs from your Watkin’s
representative for this ar-
ea, Call Ralph Peterson at
365-5123. - 638
OHOLICS ANONYM-
ous is a fellowship of men
and women who share their
experience, tren; and
hope with each other that
they may solve: their com:
mon problem and help oth-
ers to recover from
lism. The only requirement
for membership is a desire
to stop drinking. There are
no dues or fees for A.A.
we are self-

LAM HOME

“Your Wheel Estate Experts”

ae.

Quality Built Mobile Homes
Parts and Accessories

HONE 359-7166.

Playmor Junction, South Slocan

“We'Always Try a Little Harder to Pleasa You"
Open Monday to Saturday 9 a.m. to 6 p.m,
Open Sunday Afternoons for Browsing

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supporting through our own
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tion or institution; does not

Box S091. Castle
A-A, MEETS ST
Lutheran Chure!

‘When Your Radistor Springs a Leak
or Becomes Clogged...

Have us CLEAN
or REPAIR it!

ih

HOR Lg
wie
were

A clogged or leaky radiator
may cause costly engine da-
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tustline deposits — repair leaks. Cost is low,
service is prompt. Your radiator guaranteed to
give new-car performance.

MIKE’S RADIATOR REPAIR

1696 - 2nd Ave. — _ Trail, B.C.
Phone. 364-16!

KINNAIRD TRANSFER LTD.

L.A. (TONY) GERONAZZO, MANAGER

EXCAVATION — HAULING — BACK HOES
CONCRETE GRAVEL — PIT RUN GRAVEL
TOP SOIL — 3 CRUSHED ROAD GRAVEL
DRAIN ROCK — MORTAR SAND

“Septic Tanks and Disposal Fields a Specialty”
Phone 365-7124

Box 3091 or Box 3114 Cas-
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ADDRESS LABELS. HAN-
dy for use on envelopes,
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phone 365-3413,

IDUCATION
High School at Home. Can-
ada’s leading school, FREE
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‘obson Street,
688-4913.

quelled, the sur-
rendered their loot, includin;
the watch which was return
to Inspector Dickens.

i v
—

WE SALUTE OUR ROYAL CANADIAN
ise-e. MOUNTIES

"100 YEARS OF SERVICE

to All Canadians

ARO TAN

"(1 1S OUR PLEASURE TO SAY

Happy Birthday

ON THEIR
100TH ANNIVERSARY

_OGLOW BROS.

“YOUR GENERAL PAINT DEALERY
605 Columbia ——- Phone 365-7202

Congratulations ....

fo the R. C.M. P.

On 100 Years
of excellent law enforcement

Trail, Fruitvale, Castlegar

PB CENIENNIAS
e "a7 GREETINGS ay
CONGRATULATIONS

on your

100th ANNIVERSARY]

from

ROBINSON STORES

660 Castleaird Plaza — Phone 365-6400

KOOTENAY

SAVINGS
CREDIT UNION

branches in

REGICNAL DISTRICT OF CENTRAL KOOTENAY

NOTICE OF ELECTION

.. PUBLIC NOTICE is hereby given to the elec-
fors of the Regional Sistrict/of Central Kootenay
that | require the presence of the said electors
at the Regional District Office, 601 Vernon Street,
Nelson, B.C., on Monday, the 29th day of October,
1973, at the hour of ten o'clock in the forenoon,
Local Time, for the purpose of electing a person to
represent them as Director for the following
Electoral Area of the Regional District of Central
Kootenay: Electoral Area “J”.

Vacancies to be filled:
Electoral Area “J”

The Office of Director — 2 year term — one —

vacancy

The mode of nomination of candidates shall
be as follows:

Candidates shall be nominated in writing by

two duly qualified electors of the Electoral Area
of the Regional District of Central The

(BC) 444 R
tin 36

SEEKING PEACE? NEW

SAWS SHARPENED (ON
machine).
hind The:

atre).

rates. Apply at Castlegar
News, ay

@ Cards of Thanks

paper shall be del d to the Re-

turning Officer at any time between the date of
this notice and noon, Local Time, of the day of
ination. The ion-paper may be in the
form prescribed in the “Municipal Act’, and shall
state the name, residence and occupation of the
person nominated in such manner as to sufficently.

identify such candidate. The nomination paper.
__ shall be subscribed to by the candidate.

In the’ event of a poll being necessary, such

poll shall be opened on Saturday, the 17th day of
November 1973 when the Poll will be opened
from 8:00 o'clock a.m. to 8:00 o'clock p.m., Local
Time for Electoral Area “J” at the following de-
signa.ed locations of which every person is here-
by required to take notice and to govern himself.
accord.ngly: :
Electoral Area "J — Robson Elementary School,
jobson
Ootischenia Elementary
School, Ootischenla

Blueberry Creek Elementary
School, Blueberry
C

reok
| Office, if

I would like to express

WEATHER

Mx Mn Pre. Sun

CASTLEGAR —
CUSTOM UPHOLSTERY
Furniture Recovering
Carpet & Draperies
Phone 365-5636

or later you'll”

82 Cedar St. (be- |
ft tin 27

olf from our ‘selection of
fump ‘n perfect Dutch

plant them. °
Why not NOW! ana'rict teaconably priced,

VROOM FLOWERS LID.

\ 1001 - 9th Ave., Kinnaird — Phone 365-7641 }

SCHOOL DISTRICT No. 9 (CASTLEGAR)

NOTICE OF ELECTIONS

PUBLIC NOTICE is hereby given to the electors
of School District No. 9 (Castlegar) that | require
the presence of the said electors at the, Schoo!
Board Office, 881 Columbia Avenue, Castlegar,
B.C. on Monday, the 29th day of October, 1973,
at the hour of ten o’clock in the forenoon, Local
Time, for the purpose of electing persons to re
present them as School Trustees for the following
Electoral Areas of the Regional District of Central
Kootenay living within the boundaries of Schoo!
District No.9 (Castlegar).

Vacancies to be filled:

Electoral Area “I”
Office of Schoo! Trustee — two year term
one vacancy i

Electoral Area “3” :
Office of Schoo! Trustee — two year term —
one vacancy -

The mode of nomination of candidates shall
be as follows: ‘ :

Candidates shall be nominated in writing by
two duly qualified electors of the’ Electoral Area
of the Regional District of Central Kootenay. The
Nomination paper shall be delivered to the Re-
turning Officer at any time between the date of
this notice and noon, Local Time, of the day of

ADVANCE POLL

In the event of a Poll being necessary, the
Advance:Poll shall be opened Monday, November

fs 12th, 1973 and Tuesday, November 13th, 1973,

beiween the: hours*of 10:00 o'clock ‘in the fore-
noon “and 2:00 ‘o'clock in. the afternoon, Local
Time at the Regional District of Central Kootenay
Offices, 601 Vernon Street, Nelson, B8.C., and at
the following locations:> “..-’-

Municipal Office, Town of Castlegar

for. permitting duly qualified electors to vote, who
shall sign’a statement that (a) they ‘expect to be
absent from the Regional District of Central Koo-
tenay on polling-day; or (b) they are, for reason
of conscience, prevented from voting on polling-
, day; ‘or (¢) through circumstances beyond their
control ‘they will not be able to attend the poll
on polling-day, namely, Saturday, the 17th day
‘of November, 1973. 4

GIVEN under my hand at Nelson, B.C., this
“10th day of October, 1973. .
hess BT Bodard
Returning Officer:

Carpet
Headquarters
OGLOW BROS,
CASTLEGAR
Phone 365-7202

HONDA. .
Mini. to Mighty
Have . your Honda
“DYNO-TUNED*
Parts and Service

BARRETT’S
Ph, 367-9074 -. Fruitvale

Your Floor
Covering Centre
* Vinyl & Tile Flooring

* Custom Draperies

* Carpeting

* Furniture Recovering
. Gordon Wall

le z
EXPERT INSTALLATION
Phone 364-2537: ©

The ion paper may be in the
form prescribed in the “Municipal Act” and shall
state the name, residence and occupation of the
Person nominated in such manner as to suffice
iently identify such candidate. The nomination
paper shall be subscribed to by the candidate,

In the event of a poll, being necessary, such
poll shall be opened on Saturday, November 17th, :
1973, when the. poll will be open from eight
o'clock in the forenoon to eight o'clock’ in the
afternoon, Local Time, for ‘Electoral Area “I” and
“J" at the following designated locations, of
which every person is hereby required to take
notice and govern himself accordingly,

Electoral Area “I” Electoral Area “J*
Pass Creek School Blueberry C
Shoreacres School ot Uae
Tarrys Elementary

School - Robson . Elementary.
School

GIVEN under my hand at the School, Board
Office, Castlegar, B.C., this 18ht day of October,
1973, ‘

J. Dascher te
Returning Officer,

SKIM MIL

You'll have plenty to show ©

GROWN seneconegdeneetedeens 10 lbs. 59c

Ootischenia School

801 Victoria, Trall B.C, tfn

Skinless Sausage

: ROUND STEAK oy | tile, ROMS

GOV'T. INSPECTED.
GRADE ‘A’ BONELESS | Ib, s

BOLOGNA FRYING. CHICKEN
BURNS. ‘ ; GOV'T. INSPECTED. C ‘ c|

GOV'T. INSPECTED 5c CUT-UP, 5 LB, BAG

TONLET TISSUE ceisev,« rou eK6. mmm
LAUNDRY. DETERGENT tine size
FACIAL TISSUE sso. OTN. on 3 pkgs. 19¢
KLEENEX TOWELS eax: 59c
TOMATO JUICE ¢:'cz 1 fins 89c
SEAHAUL MACKERAL 1: oz ...
3 fins $1.0
1.00

PINEAPPLE JUICE ‘'cz
3 tins $1.00

48 OZ.
PEAS (Assorted)
BEANS (Cut Green) °# MONTE.
CORN (Cream Style) 14 0z.

FRUIT COCKTAIL caver. 102

FROZEN FOOD
ICE CREAM

SUPER-VALU. i
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HASH BROWNS

CARNATION.

CELLO. 2 LB. PKG. A pkgs. $1

PEAS

McCAINS. ASTD.
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ORANGE JUICE
id

MINUTE MAID.
16 OZ, ....

CANNED.
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TALL TINS ...... ties

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B.C. GROWN

APPL

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COFFEE FLOUR
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2 Ib. tin 50 Ib. bag

$1.99 $4.99
APPLE SAUCE DOG FOOD

Sun Rype, Romper.
Red Label. 14 oz. 15 oz,

4 tins $1.00 7 tins $1.00
BREAD (Ferr-Wood)

WHITE OR 3 24 oz. 1 7
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\. MACINTOSH, SPARTON,

BROCCOLI

BICKS PICKLES

Yum-Yum
Sweet Mixed. 32 oz.

73¢

BROWN ........

“DONUTS (Ferr-Wood) | crave» swan
oe rt “ae $1.49

PRICES EFFECTIVE OCTOBER 18, 19, 20 AT SUPER-VALU (CASTLEGAR ONLY)