peace ohicies Noohahd b+ CasthéGat News loner 2. 17 thir Ne Dual income family most common today By DON ALE Neier oe) _ docelyne Lafleur and oad Guy Beaulieu of Montreal work full time outside the home. They're a dual-income family — the most common household type in Canada — but they divide the work at home in a slightly uncommon way. In line with tradition, Lafleur mainly cares for their eight-year-old daughter, Helene, Beaulieu does the bulk of the housework. “When all is said and done, the load is shared evenly although I'll do specific tasks like washing clothes myself because I want it done my way,” sayd Lafleur, 31, the director of a downtown day-care centre. She's glad Beaulieu, a 31-year-old carpenter, was Deborah sity in Montreal believes the rise i Sedlncneet Heotins has led to a new kind of tension between spouses — due mainly to disproportionate workloads at home. SPARKS CONFLICT “All the studies show the husbands are not their fair share and there's room for a great deatof conflict on that basis alone,” says Sheppard. The notion that working women do more housework than their working spouses was confirmed in a 1983 report of the Coin in the City Project whic studied 247 T holds. It found that the 161 women Seas posara] full time did 128 minutes of housework. daily, compared with 57 minutes for their husbands. Univer- brought up in a family where boys shared h work. “It's paid off because he's really good in the kitchen and prepares most of the meals.” Not every two-worker family is as democratic. Texas psychologist Lucia Gilbert, in her book Men in Dual-Career Families: Current Realities and Future Prospects, says the most common two-income household is the “traditional” one — there are two careers, but the woman does the housework and the man just does his career, Far fewer are the “role sharing” couples and the “participant fathers," who want to involve themselves in house and children-raising duties. AVOIDS CHILDREN In some cases, women pursue fulfilling careers, often in yuppie-style marriages that sociologists call “dinks” — dual-income, no kids. But, although much has been written about women finding jobs for personal isfacti ics and social-service agencies say most women in two-income relationships work only to help pay the bills. Robert Couchman, executive director at the Family Service Association of Metropolitan Toronto which deals with close to 10,000 familes a year, says many women are happy to be working. However, he believes most women in low-wage jobs would stay at home if they could afford to. Statistics Canada says almost 60 per cent of all families now have two or more wage-earners, compared with 33 per cent in 1951. The 1981 census revealed that for the first time more than half of women aged 15 and over were in the labor force. However, some suggest that the economic advantage of dual-income couples may be offset by increasing psychological strains on the relationships. +a pi of social work at the University of Toronto, agrees that men aren't helping enough at home. He says the situation would improve if more boys were shown by parents that “it doesn’t cost you your maleness to do your fair share of housework.” A recent University of Alberta survey d MARKIN & BLAIN CERTIFIED GENERAL ACCOUNTANTS 241 Columbia Ave. Castlegar Ph. 365-7287 that the higher the wife's salary, the more housework a husband does. Sheppard says there's constant tension in a dual-income relationship because no one is able to take charge of certain roles. “There's no question these people do an incredible juggling of schedules to have time with their children,” said Sheppard. “There is room, potentially, for a great deal of conflict in two-income familes because of the st families due to the demands of the workplace. SHOWS CHANGE Many of the new two-income families have young children. Statistics Canada figures indicate that the percen- tage of Working women with children under the age of three jumped to 54 per cent in 1984 from 31 per cent in 1975. A small percentage of these are single mothers. Schlesinger said one effect of the dual-career family has been an increase in the number of so-called “latch-kdy children” — children who go home after school to an empty house. Couchman, of the Toronto family service association, said other effects of the increase in the number of two-income families is a lower birth rate and the myth of the Superwoman who is a master gourmet, a wonderful lover, a great parent and a successful professional. “We've exchanged the myth of Cinderella for the myth of Superwoman, but neither is real.” ON NORTH AMERICA Was man here earlier? OTTAWA (CP) — Some people read tea leaves to foretell the future. Max Frie- sen studies broken bones to learn about the past. The mammoth bones Frie- sen has been studying — part of a collection of nearly 10,000 at the University of Toronto are between 25,000 and 100,000 years old, which means the elephant. like animals died at least 15,000 years before humans are believed to have arrived in what now is North Ameri- ca. But Friesen believes the bones were broken by people and that would mean humans arrived on the continent much earlier than most of the scientific community says. The theory isn’t new; it was first proposed about five years ago by University of Toronto archeologist Bill Ir. ving. But Friesen told a re- cent northern studies confer- ence in Ottawa the theory hasn't been proven to most scientists’ satisfaction. The popularly accepted explanation for the break ages is that other animals caused them while feeding on the mammoth carcasses, or that the bones were broken by various natural causes. FROM DELTA The bones in the university collection are from a river delta at Old Crow, N.W.T. They were apparently car. ried into the river during spring thaw from a wide area Castles 197 Col bi. WANTED CLEAN COTTON RAGS aS, nie. egar News Ave.,C and deposited on the delta. Friesen says the breakages occurred within a few months after the animals’ deaths “and this really reduces the odds of various other forces than man being involved. “It's more likely that if a man killed these animals and wanted to use the bones as a tool, he’d do it right away,” Friesen sys, “whereas these other things take time.” Friesen discounts the the- ory that. animal scavengers may have caused the breaks while the carcasses were still fresh. He studied about 1,300 bones in the university collec- tion and found about five per cent were broken. However, among the long bones which he says were more likely to have served as useful tools, the breakage rate was about 13 per cent. And while he found evi- dence that scavengers gnaw- ed on some of the bones, none of those were broken and none of the broken bones showed gnaw marks. “I think I have proven, again, that carnivores did not break these,” Friesen says. “The bones were broken in specific places. Someone was deliberately and selectively breaking them.” Until the scientific com munity accepts the theory, it will continue to consider that the first. humans in North America were an early ver. ion of homo sapiens. “If these sites stand up, as I think they eventually will, something comparable to homo erectus (the evolution- ary precursor to modern hu- mans) may have come across the land bridge between Asia and North America, rather than fully evolved humans,” Friesen says. “And that says some pro- found things about homo erectus culture.” To have been able to sur- vive as far north as Old Crow, Friesen ‘says homo erectus would have had to have been far more advanced than most anthropologists believe, capable of sewing clothing and building por- table shelters. Friesen says the scientific community probably won't accept this theory until it’s confronted with irrefutable proof. He will continue his own studies and he plans to move on to other sites. 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