| CASTLEGAR NEWS, May 17, 1981 + New Insertions, copy changes and ce : cancollations for the Castlegar : f 5 ‘ News Business Directory will be hegislative Library. | : accepted bofore the first Wed- Parliament Bldgs., 501 Bett: nesay Issue of each month only. Victoria, Be. Cs : _WEATHERCAST.- Cloudy with sunny pariods ond o. fow aftemoon: showers or. th dirEcTORy : Telephone 365-5210 EDMONTON (CP) Sulphre dioxides are Environmentalists seo acid rain as one of the creeping cancers of our time, a sub- stance that can quietly destroy land, lakes and wildlife. . In many parts of Eastern Canada and the U.S, the problem has reached mam- moth dimensions, The fed- eral environment depart- ment says more than 200 lakes in Northern Ontario have lost the ability to sus- tain aquatic life. Rainfall monitoring and sampling confirm that pre- cipitation is up to 10 times more acidic than normal over almost all of Eastern Canada. For Alberta and most of western Canada, acid rain. is more a potential menace than a current problem. Federal readings show rainfall in the West is normal. Yet the four western’ provinces, the Northwest. Territories and the federal government have joined forces to study acid rain in the West. : MORE STUDY NEEDED Dr. H.S. Sandhu, re- search manager and co- ordinator of acid-rain stud- ies for the Alberta environ- broad-based organization was formed after a study by Ottawa and the Alberta and Saskatchewan envir- onment departments. Although rainfall is nor- mally somewhat acidic be- cause of carbon dioxide naturally present in the ment department, said the, emitted by oil-sands and gas processing plants while nitrogen oxides come main- ly from coal-fired power plants and automobile emissions. Farm fertilizers can also increase acidity. PROBLEM POSSIBLE -Avard Mann of the fed- eral department said prob- lems could develop with acid rain in the West. “It's setting up like a problem for which we don’t have any strong medicine at this time . . . the conclusions were we should look at it in much more detail with a view to . restricting airborne emis- sions from industrial acti- vities,” he said. Sandhu said the West has several advantages in dealing with acid rain. First, it still produces a relatively low level of sul- phur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions, And the fact that most of the air. movement is from west to east and north to south is a bonus as reasonably small amounts of the smissions are transported from East- ern Canada and the U.S. Another factor is a sen- sitivity of land and lakes to acid rain. In Alberta, much of the area can cope with high levels of acid rain be- cause of the natural aika- line nature of the lakes and soils. : But lakes and soils in the Canadian Shield areas of northeastern Alberta, nor- thern and can significantly increase acid levels. The culprits are sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. In the atmosphere, they are oxidized and fall to earth as weak solutions of nitric and sulphuric acid. The substances may also fall to earth as dry par- ticles. Manitoba and some areas of western British Colum- bia cannot neutralize acid precipitation. And a rapid increase in industrial activity in the West has led to predictions that emissions of sulphur dioxide in Alberta will double over the next 25 years, . fo ¢ / @nn Landers *% Dear Ann Landers: | belong to a rel Dunwoody & Co. Chartered Accountants 410 Columbia Ave. Castlegar Ph. 365-2151 Len Folkman, B.Com., C.A, ResidentPartner = ———— Services Complete Septic Tank Service Excavating Fost Holes: Soligo, Babcock 0. Chartered Accountants Backhoe Backtilling Snow Removal 365-6505 SHER EE (GoR's — aa ain Tsai a) 601 - 23rd Street Castlegar 365-2144, WELDING EQUIPMENT | AND SUPPLIES Distributor for CED es Oxygen — Acetylene TOUCH OF CLASS nd sand Accensories Beside Royal Theatre in Trail Phone 364-2118 605 Columbia Avo. Castlegar . Phone 365-7745 ‘Henry John, B. Sc., CA. Resident Partner EMERGENCY APPLICANCE REPAIR SERVICE © MAYTAG ® SPEED QUEEN © GIBSON © GENERAL ELECTRIC © KITCHEN AID @ JENN-AIRE 365-3388 CASTLEGAR PLUMBING & HEATING 1008 Columbia Ave. denomination that uses a common chalice to hold communion wine. After each communicant sips from the chalice the minister wipes the rim with a cloth. The. cup is refilled when necessary. As many as 200 people attend a service. Please inquire about the dangers of contracting in- fluenza, tub losis, hep or other di: suspect a great number of people have a false sense of security about the practice, —M.E.P. In Louisiana Door M.E.P.: That tradition has been around for a long time, but whenever a flue epidemic hits, public awareness Is heightened. Drinking from a common cup Is a symbol! of unity. It also means sharing @ common risk. And the more who share — the greater the risk. While hundreds of thousands sip from a common cup with soomingly no ill effects, It would be foolish to © Cust de Drapes AUROR vee CONTRACTING LTD, © Residential. © Commercial © Drywall Call 365-3783 RAYNER 365-2563 © Complete Septic Tank Service © Bobcat Services ® Excavating ® Landscaping © Backfilling WALTER’S DRYWALL Taping & Spraytex Ceilings Metal Studding . T-Bar Ceilings Ph. 359-7573 ENTERPRISES LT. DANIEL’S - CONSTRUCTION Concrete Contractor BEAVER VALLEY SAND & GRAVEL Co. Ltd. Complete Subd! Service ® Footings © Foundations © Retaining Walls & Reinforcing j 1a In-home Service « Drapery Hardware © Singer Sewing Centre Castleaird Plaza. 5-3810 Savings Loans Mortgages Insurance Kootenay Savings Credit Union South Slocan Nakus; Trail Fruitvale Pp Castlegar New Denver Salmo Waneta Plaza Ce Hobart Welders : le Plumbing & Heating Supplies tndustital Piping Supslies 2317 - 6th Ave., Castlegar 365-7702 WESTERN WHEEL & PARTS LTD. ALL AIR & BRAKE PARTS FOR OFF 8 ONHGHWY TRUCKS, REBUILT & EXCHANGE a Teuth Lights, Wheels 365-3307 2313 6th Avenue, Conlegar —— KOOTENAY - INSULATORS i: Working In co-dperation with th Federal Government C.H.I.P Program to serve the peopl living in the West Kootenay area, * ep $00 2g, feet attic at R-25, $400 you poy only "AQ 900 sq. fest attic ct R-25, $450: | . you pay only "OG 1,000 19. feet attic at R-25, $500 you poy onty® TOO 1,100 q. fee? attic at R25; $550~ youpayenty® T3@ if your home was built before 1961, check out these prices for insulating’your altic, CASTLEGAR FUNERAL CHAPEL Dedicated to kindly, thoughtful service. Granite, Marble and Bronze Plaques Call 693-2408 —Road Bullding —Sewer & Water —toading, Dozing, Backhoe ondTrucking | CALL 367-7245 © at, it is part of a Ye the natural laws of inf. a re repealed. As you kn@w, countless people have been killed in earthquakes, floods and storms while on their way to and inside churches. Recently | read where « ‘woman was mugged while praying. Get the picture? Dear Ann: | had almost forgotten about her. I'm happily married to a fine woman. We have two healthy boys. | haven't seen this former classmate and sweet- VERSATILE BOBCAT SERVICE : 365-3942 or 965-3471 “We Dig Your Business” heart for more than 15 years, But I dream about her. This year is our 20-year high school reunion, t live too far away to attend, If the intimacy of our relation- ship hadn't thrown me into a panic after graduation, | might be attending this reunion with her instead of staying home, | feel obli d to show my app: for the excellent job she did as the secretary of the reunion festivities, It required a ‘great deal of time and effart to track down the members of our class. Would it be ap- propriate for me to send her a card or a bouquet of flowers? If | send flowers, should | send them anony- mously? | don't want to do the wrong thing. Her husband might not und i. — The Midnight Runner Gear Runner: Your wife might not understand, either. So cool it, Bub, If you want to drop the old flame a note of ap- preciation, sign your name. Sut don’t send ficwers gales you are interasting in picking up where you ieft off. - a ee? Dear Ann Landers: | hope you won't der this Contracting —-Power Wiring-- — Electric Heat-- - —Fire Alarms— —Intrusion Alarms— & Other Speciol Systems ’ HOOLAEFF ELECTRIC Phone 365-7191 problem too silly to bother with, Ineed help, especially in church, Please tell me what couses one’s stomach to growl. Also, can anything be done about it? It’s terribly embarrassing and | feel so helpless. Please print your _ Now booking for Spring Installations , Trouble-free and ed rs t answer. I’m sure there are many others in your audience who ore plagued with the same problem. : — Red-Faced In Raleigh Dear Raleigh: The problem has a fancy name. It is ‘called “borborygmi.” : If your stomach only growls, you are lucky. Some people have stomachs that squeak and gurgle. : This noise is made by the stomach and intestines as they propel food along the digestive tract. Nervous tension and alcohol amplify the sounds. Eat crackers or bread before you go out and lay off the liquid refresh- ments. It will halp a lot. . vinyl coverin: colored aluminum railing . continuous colored aluminum gutters . vinyl decorative shutters FOR ESTIMATES CALL Castle Vinyldeck 365-7086: See usfor: scaping Service * Complete nursery stock © Cutflowers 312 & Chahko MikaMall Nelson 352-2914 Groceteria & Laundromat 1038 Columbia Avenue {Bottom of Sherbiko Hill) OPEN 364 Days a Year! Mon.-Sat. 8:30-10:30 p.m. Sun. & Hols. 9-10:30 p.m. Groceries. Tobacco, Confectionary & General Phone 365-6534 — CREATURE COMFORT . INSULATION AND PAINTING No Gimmicks — Just Plain Quality Work Call Collect 352-6416 Phone 365-3222 FOR SALE Fully reconditioned or as is . ® POOL TABLES * SOCCER TABLES © ARCADE GAMES Contact: CONTACT: Southern Music itd. 352-6922 in Nelson — ALXEL “THE HOME GAMES PEOPLE” NEW Pool Tables, Soccer Tables, GAMES: | Call Collect 364-0166 jas COHOE in Insurance: - Agency Ltd. 269 Columbia . Dial 365-3301 Providing complete. insurance service We have licence plates Open 6 days a week to © serve you better Private auto insurance Tale & Gibson reo Ltd, | Y We soll & use PRODUCTS, ; “The Hair Annex’* 1241 - 3rd St - 365:3744 ~ T&A PAINTING AND REPAIRS Residential & Commercial * interlor & Exterior 365-7359 se ~ BUDGET PAINTING - & FINISHING Commercial, Residential, interior and Exterior Palnting & Textured Collings. Free Estimates Call Collect 332-9: CREATIVE COMFORT INSULATION and + PAINTING - - * © Residential © Commercial © interlor © Exterior “Quality Yeu Can Bank On” CALL COLE: 352-6416 Commercial Printing Rubber Stamp Mfg. © Office Supplies © Office Furniture © Office Equipment Repoirs. “The Dillarence ix Quali Chonan & STATIONS Cerra eroru =I" MOTOR INN: The largest full-service hotel In Kootenay Country . RESTAURANT # DISCO * PUB *LOUNGE BANQUET ROOMS Talon o4t 4416 100) Rowstond Ave, TRAIL, S.C, (004) 968-9333 ————— st THECOLANDER ~ SPAGHETTI HOUSE Spetialuing inttahaa cussine For Reservations phone 364-1916 1478 Coder Avenue COLEMAN COUNTRY - BOY SERVICE Sump & Septic Tank. umping Phone 365-5013 3400 - 4th Avenue Castlegar SUMP & SEPTIC TANK PUMPING and INSTALLATIONS TOMLIN” PLUMBING 365-5034 Bill’s TV Rebuilding Servicing all popular br inde of TV's. " Quasar Dealer for Castlegar area, PASS CREEK Phone after7 p.m. © 365-3466 - CasNews Printing J&N Upholstery Studio For all your upholstery needs. 514 Front St., Nelson 352-9419 & Enyelopes ¢ Business- Cards" Brochures Business Forms .. Invitations «: Any Printing! | * Don't forget our ; | | “Fast Print’ =} ot Service. For details, call us.” CASTLEGAR NEWS 197 Columbia 365-7266 UHISHLAND Log | BUILDERS Handcrafted Homes Delivered & Erected Precision Log Work CALL 428-9678 CRESTON Pinball Machines, and Table Games, "1434 Columbia Ave. ‘avtlegar Phone 365-7365 =i TRAIL HONDA We don't make a lot of noise but we' service what we sell and our prices are right. i Don't, buy another Honda until you check our price or you may have paid too much, Elliott Motors Lid. OBA Trail Honda DESMONDT. LITTLEWOOD, .S. OPTOMETRIST * 366 Baker St.. Nelson, B.C. Phone 352-5152 _. B.8,0.D. OPTOMETRIST 1012-4th St., Castlegar Phone 365-3361 Tues.-Fri. 9.a.m.-5 p.m. — WE STAND BY OUR WORK — 368-3377 Dé014 * .| © Refrigeration WL Rey L>=_S= TS ARROW _f WINDSURFING, © Windsurfors. * Wetsults, etc. PHONE 362-5885 Altes p.m, JENSENEX CANOE SALES Introduces the New Gausefin Sail/Canoe 024 365- Located KEL Service, Hwy, £9, Contlagor ENTERPRISE © Air Conditioning ® Control. Systems We provide competent service and professional installation to all our commercial customers, Ph. 365-6852 Saturday 9 a.m.-12 noon FURNITURE & AUTOMOTIVE UPHOLSTERY - & SALES 365.3055 650- 23rd $t., Costtegar veV 1X4 Published at “The Crossroads of the Kootenays” VOL. 34, NO, 40 3S Cents CASTLEGAR, BRITISH COLUMBIA, WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, 1981 In Montreal dead fi MONTREAL (CP) About 98,000 mourners crowded into Notre ‘Dame . Church in Old-Montreal on - Tuesday to pay final homage to three firemen killed- on .duty a few blocks away. “Montreal is in mourning,” said Bishop Andre’ Cimichel- la, who celebrated the -high requiem masa. “We have just lost three devoted servants.” . Coffins containing the bod- - ies of Lieut. Roland Lapointe, 49, and firemen Yvon Vyr, 44, and Paul Dolbec, 84, were draped in City of Montreal flags as they arrived at the church atop three red gleam- 3,000 mourn ing pumper trucks. 4 The three men died Friday night when a brick wall of a burning seven-storey build- ing toppled, onto them. All three were married with - families. ° About half the mourners were uniformed firemen, in. cluding representatives from fire departments: elsewhere in Quebec and from Toronto. The widows will each re-~ ceive $100,000 in death ben--. fy efits from the firemer's union, in addition to! 75 per cent of their husbands’ sal-’ lives. Pope's wounds -healing well ROME (AP) - Pope John Paul had 12 of his 26 stitches . Femoved today and ate the first semi-solid food since he was shot — a mashed boiled pear and a thin soup —‘one of his” doctors reported, . ¢ : . pb The Roman Catholic pontiff also could hear a group of 52 aries for the rest of their . bs children singing religious songs in the courtyard below: his i hospital Toom. He sent them a message: “I heard your prayers ‘and your songs, I bless you all and I would want to kiss all of you,‘one-by one.” ; ‘ |) bers did vote Tuesday to ac- -cept.other recommendations. Move rejected -. _ Selkirk Selkirk - College has re, jected recommendations that '. its aviation . program be j;moved to amore. practical Jocation at another college. But the college board me: for changes in training equip-: . | ment, curriculum and perso: , nel requirements... ‘ With the decision to keep the ‘program :/in, Castlegar, ‘comes. the ‘responsibility-to. would have to consider giv- ing up one of its priorities for * another, ' . {The college's aviation de- ent had d° locating the program to ‘either’ Camosun College and Victoria improve standards of train- :- ‘ ing’ equipment more staff... Principal Leo Perra’ said and to hire’ ~ “ Hquids” sipping’ Meanwhil dealer, 2. A: police -source : described “asa “fanatican 28,188"; right-wing Moslem,’ and said police believe there is a “50-50. - hance” he was supported by Turkish right-wing groups, and may have been hired by someone to kill-the Pope. 1rio ‘con By Joan Walters. - TORONTO (CP) — Ontario hits: T Frank’ Miller. put G.& F.| CASTLE TIRE (1977) Ltd. SALES & SERVICE Commercial & Industrial Tire Specialists Passenger and Off Highway Tires WHEEL BALANCING H Service 365-7145 1050 Columbia Avenue . Whether Your Business Name... Starts With A Directory Advertising Pays” PHONE .365-5210 | the burden on consumers Tuesday: with $600-million worth of tax and fee in- creases that took- advantage © of the government's new ma- jority and left not. one of the province's eight million resi- _ dents completely unaffected. The only major break went to businessmen, whose cor- porate tax rate was left un- touched in what Miller said sumers Driver's licence fees, other registrations..and. even the’ tax applied to winning from’ certain types of betting on the horses rose as well. © Miller said he was aure the public wouldn't -be pleased with his latest effort. He had - predicted it wouldn't be a good-news budget ' becausé times were tough ‘and the measures could not be de- feated anyway. Faced with a choice be- tween raising taxes or cut- ting ding, he opted for was a keep Ontario an inviting’ place for investment... ':.> In-a 1981. budget tabled“ exactly two months after voting day, Miller-. rai medicare premiums 16 per cent, personal income taxes four percentage points and established a new tax rate for fuel, tobacco, liquor and beer than produces what he calls a . better yield. The new system computes the'tax asa percentage of the consumer price — the way the retail sales tax is applied — and translates into price increases ranging from one cent a litre on gasoline to 46 cents per case ;of 24 beer. Liquor rises an average of 25 cents a 26-ounce bottle, cigar- ettes rise five cents a pack of 20 and cut tobacco goes up too.. And: the sting of those increases stays for good since - the taxes. now. increase as prices rise. Formerly, the tax was pegged at a certain rate - per unit — four cents per litre of gasoline, for example — and that rate stayed no matter how many times a year the price went up. maintaining public, services ~> such..as hospitals ‘and edu-. cation, Miller said Tuesday.* Provincial spending - in- creases an, average: of “12.2 per cent for a total outlay of $19.4 billion in' 1981-82. But even when the con- sumer-funded tax measures are added in, Ontario still expects to bring in only $18.4 billion in revenues, leaving a difference of $997: million. It. is: the ‘first’ time‘ that- Ontario has’ deliberately raised its personal’ income tax solely, to generate extra money for general spending. The Ontario rate is ‘tied’ to the federal income tax’ sys- tem and the rate has gone up before in proportion to the mit ‘and company ‘veterans: ‘plywood :, plant. a “union: spokesman said Tuesday. Chris Hart, vice-chairman - - of the union's plywood plant‘ committee, said he was. so ‘frustrated ... by . . inadequate. , staffing and improper train- ing for new employees at the - mill that he.“stomped out of: *work” last Wednesday and was consequently suspended for a day.- 9.0) ply A spokesman for Canadian Cellulose, which controls Kootenay Forest Products, announéed in February that the ‘plywood plant may be No plans to cut. programs Solkirk College is not pla The February leaving -the-area. The company. recently. an: nounced it will “decide. the plywood: plant’s - future. ‘in, three months, © 260-0 pte “There. is:-no security," “They're bleeding us. There's no. doubt thi them are experienced work- - + Last month, in an attempt ° to prove the plant's viability, was no/tiistake.’.It's one, o! .the’ dirtiest’ damn ‘thin; corporation can do. The mor- ale has gone to hell.” Hart said employees. with ».. five ard ten years s{ are leaving the: mill. : " He \said there :are) fears Canadian Cellulose is creat- ing a self-fulfilling prophesy; enced’. workers leave,..new ones can't’ be’ trained: prop- erly and production falls. - * Peter -Malloff, industrial relations manager in charge jartially ‘responsible for the profit. pictures" 2. *- “The: plywood plant em- ploys 175 people. Guests sleep deep TORONTO (CP) — ‘John and. Monica Leslie:-have. fi-». nicelyet 5) fy) ccs et nally found a way — to ac- The couple got “all kinds of ight guests n- ning to cut back p: ins an ‘effort ‘to ‘balance ‘the; 1981-82 budget, Principal Leo‘ Perra said Tuesday. : 5 -Perra’said the college will “garbage by a neighbor, will “technically be able ‘to bal- ance the. budget with the funds provided.” Selkirk Col- lege received a.18 per. cent lift in this year’s instructional budget... ott :“The. budget does how- ‘ever, create some difficulties for the college,” Perra said. ‘He noted that the limited resources may‘ mean fewer course choices. Hardest hit . will be the university trans- fer programs and the career federal plan. What Miller plans is to raise Ontario's income tax" proceeds to 48 per cent of the basic federal tax by 1982 from the current 44 per'cent. ‘Treasury officials say the tie-in between the two rates can best be pnderstood by” thinking of the federal rate as “a flat $100 and the Ontario rate as $44 now, increasing to $48 by the’ 1982 tax year. Limited provincial funding _ will hamper the. college's ability to replace: personnel on education leave, and per- sonnel who resign or retire. Perra added that the col- lege’s ability to replace tem- porary staff and retain part- time personnel who are hired intermittently will also be af- fected. The college will be unable to add staff in growth areas. ©: in their one-bedroom apart. : ffin into as they carri ment. thelr "It wil sleep’ two quite’ weird looks" from: passerby . ; thi The 1 , Tuesday, . heavily ‘ criticizes © conditions of: care. at: 79° long-term: care « facilities “in BC, Se ete VANCOUVER . (CP): : == Coastal woodworkers agreed Tuesday not to stage: any more walkouts, pending the outcome: of-# - formal ‘B.C. : ‘ gu tent and variable t uring LRB hearing a : Workers to sta ‘tified Tuesday. : his organi’. zation is prepared to start at . any time. . “We ‘are .not,” -Labor Relations Board'meet- : ing into.coastal job action...° Don Munroe, board. chair- man, said the hearings will not resume before the begin- | ning ‘of next week, . -” ‘The hearing was adjourned Tuesday: to: all He said before going back to - the table. with. the Forest Industrial Relations; the * : cunton’.wants. to hear? from :Todman.:'The union has of- ‘fered to. negotiate: a: new lent with the south low. before the ers of America to subpoena, . witnesses John Todman and Clem Garside, president ‘and executive secretary of the “Interior Forest Labor’ Rela- “Interior -: takes place, © -: Historically the Forest In-.: *. dustrial : Relations’ “master... tions, Associa 5 ‘The union was brought be- fore the board by the Forest thrown out as, “A ‘couple’ of: old’ ladies looked at me in “ they’‘didn't’ want ‘to be re- + A coffin, make “a. mobile guestroom for ali our deadbeat friends,” said John, 27. Poll shows more - support for PCs» MONTREAL (CP) Support for the federal Progressive Conservative party rose slightly in April at the expense of the Liberals, a Gallup ‘poll’ published today shows. ? The Liberals continue to lead with'43 per cent —- a drop of three from:the March survey by Gallup—while:the Tories remain second with 87 per cent, a gain of two points from the previous month. «?~°. eae , The New, Democrats aiso‘did better, registering 19 per cent, up from 18 per cent ‘in March. The survey was interviews with’ 1,025 eligible to 25 from 28 per cent-in March, Regionally, the Liberals lead in Ontario by nine per cent and by considerably more in Quebec, with the Tories winning a majority of decided voters in the four western provinces. utter dis-_ minded ‘they're that close.” voters. ae : * The level of undecided voters increased in the latest survey. for the coast has plans for a strike vote, Munro, said in an interview. He’ said further bargaining with FIR.” “set the wage. pattern’ for e in the which | represents coastal “employ- gi vers, in an effort to get’a cease-atd-desist order . pro- hibiting walkouts during neg- otiations, . Although no date has been . set for talks to resume, Keith Bennett, FIR president, tes- Forest fire season’ ern ‘interior join the forest relations at the tabl : off to good start. Tho forest fire season is more than a month old, and so far, in the Arrow forest ares, it is shaping up well. =. Cal; Bellmond,: the oper- ations ‘supervisor for: fire 4 protection in the ares, des- cribed ths situation as “very good, in fact excellent,” on Tuesday, with only two small fires so far. « Alower than normal snow- pack this winter had been a ~ tunoff and mal rainfall “cause fot concern, but below i average temperatures in the mountains have delayed the higher than nor- has helped damp- en the, situation, he said. New growth now is coming up, and the hazard in the area ranges from low to very low, Bellmond continued. He added, ministry,of for- est ‘fire suppression: crews , will be in place by mid-June. protest ‘suspensions | of: two" graders, and to protest for one master. ;, contract forthe whole prov The:~coast : agrecment,. which. covers :28,000 - wood-. ‘workers, expires, June 14. Another 11,000° employees work ‘under :the:! Interior : agreements, which ': expire June 80. : ‘ NOON DOLLAR MONTREAL (CP) —.U.S. dollar in terms of Canadian funds at .noon today: was down 1-50 at $1.2018, Pound sterling -was up-1 4-25